Eugenia Linnaeus (1753: 470) is the largest genus in Myrtaceae, with the highest number of species of trees in the rainforests and semi-deciduous of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest region (Oliveira-Filho & Fontes 2000). Eugenia is currently estimated to contain ca. 1000 species (WCSP 2012), distributed from South of Mexico, Cuba, the Antilles to Uruguay and Argentina, with a small number of species (ca. 60) in Africa (Van der Merwe et al. 2005). Some species, with edible fruits are cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions (e.g., Eugenia uniflora L.(1753: 470) and Eugenia brasiliensis Lamarck (1789: 203)). Eugenia matogrossensis Mazine, published in 2010 and based in Àrbocz 3167-A, is an illegitimate name as it is a homonym of Eugenia matogrossensis Sobral that is based on a different collection from Mato Grosso do Sul (Sobral, 2008) and has priority as it was published previously. Therefore the replacement name Eugenia neomattogrossensis Mazine is proposed which occurs in Mato Grosso state. The flowers are arranged in simple racemes or panicles of racemes and belongs to Eugenia sect. Racemosae. For a plate of this species, see Mazine & Souza (2010, p. 287).