Anatomia foliar de Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae) dos Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

-(Leaf anatomy of Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae) from "Campos Gerais", Paraná, Brazil). The leaf anatomy of Tillandsia crocata (E. Morren) Baker, T. gardneri Lindl., T. geminiflora Brongn., T. linearis Vell., T. lorentziana Griseb., T. mallemontii Glaziou ex Mez, T. recurvata L., T. streptocarpa Baker, T. stricta Soland ex Sims, T. tenuifolia L., T. usneoides L., and Tillandsia sp. were studied. They occur in the "Campos Gerais", State of Paraná, southern Brazil. In surface view epidermis presents cells with linear to sinuous anticlinal walls, silica bodies and scales covering anomocytic stomata. Epidermis and first hypodermal layer are lignified. Transversal view reveals below surface stomata, aqüiferous parenchyma, longitudinal air canals and collateral vascular bundles with double sheath. These anatomical features are xeromorphic and usually considered as an adaptation to the epiphytic habit of the atmospheric Tillandsia. Moreover, they could be also used for diagnostic purposes. Leaf shape in cross section, cuticle ornamentation, epidermal scale structures, thickening of the epidermal wall cells, stomata distribution, structure and distribution of the aqüiferous parenchyma cells, presence of air canals, and size of vascular bundle could help the taxonomic delimitation of the species within the genus.Key words -Bromeliaceae, canopy, epiphytes, leaf anatomy, Tillandsia RESUMO -(Anatomia foliar de Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae) dos Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil). Foi estudada a anatomia foliar de Tillandsia crocata (E. Morren) Baker, T. gardneri Lindl., T. geminiflora Brongn., T. linearis Vell., T. lorentziana Griseb.,e Tillandsia sp., dos Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil. Em vista frontal a epiderme apresenta células com paredes lineares até sinuosas, corpos silicosos e escamas epidérmicas que protegem os estômatos anomocíticos. A epiderme e o primeiro estrato da hipoderme apresentam células lignificadas na maioria das espécies. Em secção transversal observa-se estômatos que ocorrem um pouco abaixo do nível das demais células da epiderme; presença de parênquima aqüífero; canais de ar longitudinais e feixes vasculares colaterais circundados por bainha dupla. Essas estruturas anatômicas são xeromórficas e usualmente consideradas como adaptações ao hábito epifítico das Tillandsia atmosféricas. Além disso, elas poderiam também ser usadas com finalidades diagnósticas para as espécies. Forma do limbo da folha em secção transversal, ornamentação da cutícula, estrutura das escamas epidérmicas, espessamento das paredes das células epidérmicas, distribuição dos estômatos, estrutura e distribuição das células do parênquima aqüífero, presença de canais de ar e tamanho de feixes vasculares são caracteres que podem auxiliar na delimitação taxonômica das espécies dentro do gênero.Palavras-chave -anatomia foliar, Bromeliaceae, dossel, epífitas, Tillandsia

Are sun- and shade-type anatomy required for the acclimation of Neoregelia cruenta?

“…The main anatomical characteristics of N. cruenta are similar to those described for other Bromeliaceae family members (Tomlinson 1969, Loeschen et al 1993, Reinert and Meirelles 1993, Proença and Sajo 2004, Scatena and Segecin 2005, Proença and Sajo 2007. The highly lignifi ed sub-epidermal layer(s) was described for several genera such as Neoregelia, Ananas and Bromelia (Tomlinson 1969).…”

Anatomy of the floral scape of Bromeliaceae

“…Silica bodies also occur in other Poales, such as Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Thurniaceae, Rapateaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae and Joinvilleaceae , suggesting that this feature is a plesiomorphy for the order. In Bromeliaceae, the silica bodies are always of spherical shape and only occur in the epidermal cells as reported by Krauss (1948Krauss ( , 1949a, Tomlinson (1969), Flores (1975), Souza & Neves (1996), Sajo et al (1998), Aoyama & Sajo (2003), Arruda & Costa (2003), Proença & Sajo (2004), Scatena & Segecin (2005), Sousa et al (2005) and Proença & Sajo (2007) for both vegetative and reproductive organs. This fact corroborates the supposition of Prychid et al (2004) for whom the shape and localization of these bodies, although genetically controlled and little influenced by environmental factors, can present a systematic potential for some groups of monocotyledons.…”

“…The occurrence of raphides also has been registered in both vegetative and reproductive organs of Bromeliaceae (see Krauss 1948Krauss , 1949aBraga 1977;Brighigna et al 1984;Souza & Neves 1996;Arruda & Costa 2003;Aoyama & Sajo 2003;Segecin & Scatena 2004a, b;Sajo et al 2004Sajo et al , 2005Scatena & Segecin 2005;Sousa et al 2005;Proença & Sajo 2007). Within Poales (APG II 2003), such crystals occur in Eriocaulaceae, Joinvilleaceae, Sparganiaceae and Typhaceae (Dahlgren et al 1985) and probably represent a plesiomorphy for the order.…”

Leaf anatomy and its contribution to the systematics of Aechmea subgenus Macrochordion (de Vriese) Baker (Bromeliaceae)

“…1A-F; 3C-F), smaller than the remaining chlorenchymatic cells of the mesophyll. (2003) and Scatena and Segecin (2005) have also described these structures in other bromeliad species. Although Smith and Downs (1974) suggested that a palisade chlorenchyma is not a common character in the Bromeliaceae, Proença and Sajo (2004) reported the presence of this tissue in an exemplar of A. bromeliifolia from São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil.…”