Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Abstract

The present study was performed to evaluate antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of leaf extract of Chenopodium mural against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), a highly problematic soil-borne pathogen of tomato. Dried leaves of C. murale were extracted with methanol for 2 weeks and after evaporating the solvent on a rotary evaporator, antifungal bioassay was carried out against FOL. All concentrations (1 to 5%) significantly reduced FOL biomass by 14-45%. The remaining methanolic extract was fractioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate and all these fractions were assayed for their antifungal potential. A 200 mg mL-1 concentration of various sub-fractions reduced fungal biomass significantly by 94-98% over control. All the sub-fractions were subjected to GC-MS analysis that revealed presence of 32 compounds in n-hexane, 2 compounds in chloroform and 13 compounds in ethyl acetate sub-fraction. The predominant compounds in n-hexane sub-fraction were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.64%), methyl linolenate (16.61%) and g-sitosterol (13.53%). In chloroform sub-fraction, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (92.31% and in ethyl-acetate sub-fraction, ethyl butyrate (19.57%), dihexyl phthalate (11.19%) and dioctyl phthalate (12.16%) were present in higher concentration.

Bioassays Guided Fractionation of Ageratum conyzoides Extract for the Identification of Natural Antifungal Compounds against Macrophomina phaseolina

“…Generally, sub-fractions prepared from methanolic stem extracts of A. conyzoides retarded the pathogen growth variably at different concentrations. The variations in antifungal activities of different sub-fractions of methanolic extracts of other plant species namely Chenopodium album, C. quinoa, C. murale, Coronopus didymus, Senna occidentalis and Sisymbrium irio have also been reported in other similar studies (Rauf and Javaid 2013;Javaid and Iqbal 2014;Javaid et al 2017a, b;Naqvi et al 2019;Khan and Javaid 2020). This variation may be attributed to different polarity natures of the organic solvents used for separation of compounds in methanolic stem extract of A. conyzoides.…”

Molecular Characterization of Penicillium expansum Isolated from Grapes and its Management by Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale

“…For this, different fractions of C. murale leaf extract were used and the findings revealed that all the fractions had antifungal activities. Earlier, Naqvi et al (2019) reported that different fractions of C. murale leaf extracts significantly reduced the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.…”

“…In nature, plants are considered as a rich source of volatile compounds that are biologically active against fungal pathogens (Akhtar et al, 2020;Javaid et al, 2020;da Silva et al, 2020). Many studies have focused on C. murale for the effective control of phytopathogens (Naqvi et al, 2019;Naqvi et al, 2020). It belongs to family Chenopodiaceae.…”

Protective role of fat hen (Chenopodium album L.) extract and gamma irradiation treatments against fusarium root rot disease in sunflower plants

“…2019; Naovi et al . 2019). Apart from these chemicals, extracts contain other allelochemicals, such as cinnamic acid amides, saponin, phenolic amides, apocortinoid, the alkaloid chinoalbicin, lignans, phenols and xyloside as active phytoconstituents that have synergistic effects (Agrawal et al .…”