Growth Analysis of Chloris elata

Abstract

In Brazil, in agricultural areas where there is no establishment of cover crops in the off season, as well as in citrus orchards in the state of São Paulo, an increase in the infestation of Chloris elata has been observed. This is a perennial species, propagated by seeds and short rhizomes, erect and slightly caespitose. With the objective of evaluating the growth and development of plants from two accessions of C. elata, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 (accessions of C. elata) x 15 (evaluation periods) factorial arrangement, with four replications. Fifteen destructive evaluations were performed 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 112 and 126 days after sowing (DAS) both accessions of C. elata (Itaberaí from Goiás and Matão from São Paulo State). At each evaluation, four plants (replications) were randomly sampled and the height of the main culm, the number of tillers and inflorescences (flower+seed) per plant, the leaf area and dry matter of leaves, culms, roots, inflorescences and total (leaves+culms+roots+ inflorescences) were analyzed. The two accessions showed a slow initial development and growth (up to 63 DAS), mainly in root growth; however, the development of new tillers increased rapidly in the initial phase. During the first 63 DAS, the percentage distribution of dry matter was higher in the foliage, followed by culms and roots. In the final evaluation, the relation was culms followed by leaves, roots and inflorescences. Plants of Matão formed denser clumps, with culms of greater mass, while those from the Itaberaí showed higher height and greater foliage.

Morphological characterization of the foliar surface in glyphosate‐resistant tall windmill grass

“…Tall windmill grass is characterized by slow initial growth, with greater development 63 d after sowing. This means that management practices must be carried out at the initial stages to ensure greater efficacy of herbicidal control (Correia & Resende, 2017).…”

Mixtures between glyphosate formulations and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in the control of Chloris elata

“…Other species of this genus, such as C. barbata (7), C. virgata (20), C. truncata (19), and C. distichophylla (30) are also reported as resistant. In the last years, these species have gained importance in different crops, mainly grains and sugarcane, thus increasing the number of studies on their biology and management (2,3,9,12,13,25). In addition, no specific recommendations of glyphosate as chemical control of C. elata are available (4).…”