Caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos (2005-2015)

Galera, Paula Diniz; Araújo, Rosélia L. S; Sant’Ana, Fabiano José Ferreira de; Castro, Márcio Botelho de

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2017001000014

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The differential diagnosis of microphthalmia was ruled out, as ultrasound and histopathological exams demonstrated that there was no evidence of the ocular bulb, and the alteration of microphthalmia is characterized by defective development of the primary vitreous, that is, clinically the patient has an underdeveloped and small eye. Because it is so small, reaching the point of being imperceptible to the naked eye, it can be confused with anophthalmia [4,14]. This condition differs from anophthalmia, which is characterized by the absence of all ocular tissues [5,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This condition is characterized by a failure in growth, by the invagination of the optic cup, or even by defective development of the primary vitreous. Clinically, the individual has an underdeveloped eye, being so small and imperceptible to the naked eye, that it can be confused with anophthalmia and, for this reason, the microscopic evaluation of the orbital tissue for identification must be performed [4]. The aim of this study was to report a case of bilateral anophthalmia in a domestic cat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral Anophthalmia in Feline

Andrade

Rey

Santos

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Anophthalmia is a rare, congenital condition, defined as the complete absence of the eye bulb due to inadequate growth of the vesicle or optic dome. The malformation can be primary (in the absence of complete), secondary (in the presence of only residual tissue), or degenerative (in which the eye begins to form, but for some reason, it begins to degenerate). This condition is rare in dogs, cats, cattle, and sheep. Microscopic evaluation of orbital tissue for identification is always recommended. The aim of this study was to report a case of bilateral anophthalmia in a domestic cat.Case: A feline male, healthy, Maine Coon breed with 60 days of life was attended at the one veterinary private clinic. The cat, negative for FIV and FeLV, was born in a commercial cattery, belonging to his mother's third litter, healthy litter with the exception of this feline. He arrived with a complaint of not opening his eyelids, like the rest of the litter. In the clinical examination, it was found the normality of vital signs, absence of other visible anatomical abnormalities, only the ocular region was observed with closed eyelids. The initial suspicions were anophthalmia and microphthalmia. The patient was referred for an ocular ultrasound, which showed the complete absence of the right and left eye bulbs. The right and left orbital cavities had only a volume of soft, amorphous, and predominantly homogeneous tissue. After the ultrasound report, the patient underwent a surgical procedure to remove a fragment of tissue from the eye socket, which was sent for histopathological examination to confirm anophthalmia and discard the differential diagnosis of microphthalmia. Microscopy revealed immature, epithelial, and glandular tissue in the middle of discrete and moderate connective tissue, loosely arranged. In some fragments, cartilaginous tissue was also revealed. Thus, the histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues and without neoplastic characteristics. The diagnosis of secondary anophthalmia was reached with use of ultrasound and histological reports.Discussion: Congenital malformations in domestic cats are less frequent than in dogs, some of which are rare, and little reported. Secondary anophthalmia in the reported patient was confirmed by histological and ultrasound examination. Bilateral secondary anophthalmia is characterized by the absence of the eyeball, but with the presence of adjacent tissue. The animal was submitted to an ocular ultrasound examination and the complete absence of ocular bulbs was found. The differential diagnosis of microphthalmia was ruled out because there was no evidence of the eyeball. Microphthalmia is a common congenital ophthalmic disorder in veterinary medicine. Representative fragments were submitted to histopathological examination, where immature, epithelial tissue was found. In some fragments sent for analysis, cartilaginous tissue was observed. The histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues, thus verifying bilateral congenital anophthalmia in the reported animal. The clinical examination in these cases serves to ensure that the animal does not have any other congenital changes, allowing a favorable prognosis in puppies. Based on the information presented, the animal in this study has bilateral secondary congenital anophthalmia, with a favorable prognosis for the patient to live with certain normality, with quality and well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Anophthalmia in Feline

Andrade

Rey

Santos

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…The results were as expected and according to the existing literature, which demonstrates that these are the most common eye diseases that lead to irreversible blindness found in small animal ophthalmology practice. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Other diseases or conditions were also cited in the survey (table 2). Some of these diseases are interesting in the medical sense, but not very common in the ophthalmology practice, such as central blindness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveying veterinary ophthalmologists to assess the advice given to owners of pets with irreversible blindness

Somma¹,

Montiani‐Ferreira²,

Schafaschek³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Record

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BackgroundThe primary purpose of this survey was to determine how veterinary ophthalmologists manage cases of irreversible blindness and to report the most common causes of blindness.MethodsRespondents completed a questionnaire sent by email with the cooperation of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists, the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists and the Latin American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. The questionnaire was developed containing 12 questions with both open and closed multiple-choice response options.ResultsOne hundred and eight veterinary ophthalmologists answered the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 83 per cent had graduated for more than 10 years. Glaucoma (63.56 per cent) was the main cited cause of blindness, followed by progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) (17.80 per cent) and retinal detachment (6.78 per cent). The major concerns of owners refer to the impact of blindness on quality-of-life, (39.31 per cent), followed by depression and anxiety (20 per cent), and environment adaptation (11.72 per cent). General recommendations include avoidance of changes in the domestic environment (18.45 per cent), use of auditory stimulation (14.09 per cent) and avoidance of dangerous areas (12.75 per cent). Almost 31 per cent of professionals do not recommend the use of literature on how to deal with blind pets.ConclusionsThe survey determined glaucoma and PRA as the most common causes of irreversible blindness in pets. Several recommendations that are frequently given to owners of blind pets are presented.

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“…O uso da dorzolamida a 2% é preconizado no tratamento dos glaucomas secundários [23]. Possui relevância especial na medicina veterinária devido o glaucoma secundário ser o mais prevalente em cães e gatos [9,27].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Effects of 2% Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and 0.005% Latanoprost Solutions on the Eye Surface of Rabbits

Barbosa

Silva

Melo

2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The glaucoma is a progressive optical neuropathy generally associated to the increase of the intraocular pressure (IOP). It is a disease of difficult therapeutic conduct and potential cause of blindness. The dorzolamide at 2% and the latanoprost at 0.005% are topical antiglaucoma drugs that cause significant reduction of the IOP. We decided to evaluate the local adverse effects of the dorzolamide at 2% and of the latanoprost at 0.005% in rabbits treated during 120 days.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen adult male rabbits were used in this study. They were randomly distributed into 3 groups (G) [n = 6]. Each animal received topical treatment in both eyes: GI (latanoprost at 0.005%, SID); GII (dorzolamide at 2%, TID) and GIII (ultra-pure water, TID) during 120 days. Ophthalmological evaluation was carried out through daily clinical examination, and at the end of the 120 days of treatment, it was verified clinical-ophthalmological alterations in the eyelids. The measurement of ECC was performed in triplicate, obtaining the lowest value among them as a result. They were carried out at the same time, in the morning between 9 and 10 am in order to avoid the effects of daytime ECC variation related to corneal hydration. In animals from group I, changes were observed in two eyes. Conjunctival hyperemia and ocular secretion, both in mild degree, were evidenced, respectively, in 13.75% and 9.1% of the observations. Conjunctival hyperemia was characterized from the 16th day and lasted until the final time (120 days). The animals from GII, treated with dorzolamide at 2%, presented the highest number of ophthalmological alterations. At the end of the experiment, conjunctival and eyelid changes and presence of ocular secretion, both ranging from mild to moderate, were observed in 60% and 16.32% of eyes, respectively. The animals from control group, GIII, did not present ophthalmological alterations.Discussion: Clinical signs observed in eyes treated with 0.005% latanoprost and 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride demonstrated manifestations of toxicity and / or ocular allergy. The adverse effects described may be related to the preservative of eye drops, benzalkonium chloride, a quaternary ammonia, which demonstrated ocular tissue toxicity, in vivo and in vitro. Benzalkonium chloride present in antiglacomatous drugs can cause conjunctival inflammation affecting the normal immunological functions of the eye. The presence of the preservative mainly justifies the changes found in the group of animals treated with 0.005% latanoprost, considering that the concentration of benzalkonium chloride in this drug is 0.02%, that is, two and a half times greater than of 2% dorzolamide, which is 0.008%. It should be noted that deleterious effects were associated. The other hypothesis associated with the adverse effects observed in the 2% dorzolamide treated group is related to the pH of the drug. This eye drop has a pH of 5.6, while that of 0.005% latanoprost is 6.7. This indicates that 2% dorzolamide may have secondarily induced ocular changes by virtue of its acidic pH. The association of low pH and the presence of benzalkonium chloride in concentration above 0.005% as a preservative of eye drops explains the high percentage of changes observed in this group. When facing the results, one can conclude that the treatment with the latanoprost at 0.005% and dorzolamide at 2% promoted clinical alterations to the eyelids and the conjunctive of rabbits.

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Caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos (2005-2015)

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Bilateral Anophthalmia in Feline

Bilateral Anophthalmia in Feline

Surveying veterinary ophthalmologists to assess the advice given to owners of pets with irreversible blindness

Effects of 2% Dorzolamide Hydrochloride and 0.005% Latanoprost Solutions on the Eye Surface of Rabbits

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