Metabolic profile and ruminal and abomasal pH in sheep subjected to intravenous ranitidine

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Perfil metabólico ruminal e pH abomasal em ovinos tratados com ranitidina por via intravenosa.] A ovinocultura brasileira tem se intensificado, o que predispõe os animais à maior incidência de transtornos digestivos, como a úlcera de abomaso. A ranitidina é utilizada na prevenção e tratamento desta afecção, no entanto há pouca informação sobre a indicação parenteral deste fármaco para ruminantes adultos. São escassas as informações a respeito das alterações metabólicas e do comportamento do sistema digestório associados ao seu uso. Para este estudo foram utilizados cinco ovinos, machos, hígidos, providos de cânula ruminal e abomasal. O delineamento foi Quadrado Latino 5x5 com arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 2x2+1. Os ovinos tratados com as doses de 1 e 2mg/kg de ranitidina administrada por via intravenosa a cada 8 ou 12 horas foram comparados aos animais do grupo controle, Brazilian sheep production has intensified, predisposing sheep to an increased incidence of digestive disorders, such as abomasal ulcers. Ranitidine is used to prevent and treat this disease; however, there is little information on the parenteral use of this drug in adult ruminants. Few data exist on the concomitant metabolic changes and the behavior of the digestive system associated with its use. For this study, five healthy male sheep with ruminal and abomasal cannulas were used. A 5x5 Latin square experiment with a 2x2+1 factorial arrangement of the treatments was performed. Sheep treated with drug doses of 1 or 2mg/kg ranitidine administered intravenously every 8 or 12 hours were compared with the control group, was treated intravenously with 1 mL of physiological solution per 25 kg every 12 hours. Higher total protein concentrations, hemoglobin levels, as well as increased aspartate aminotransferase activity and increased abomasal pH for up to 150 min following drug administration were observed in all animals that received the drug, regardless of dose and frequency. The animals treated every 12 hours showed a decrease in leukocyte number compared with the control group and with the animals treated every 8 hours. Increased serum creatinine concentrations were observed in the animals treated every 8 hours. Treatments of 1mg/kg every 8 hours and 2mg/kg every 12 hours increased the red blood cell count and decreased the serum pepsinogen. All protocols studied were safe for healthy sheep, but 1mg/kg ranitidine every 8 hours and 2mg/kg ranitidine every 12 hours were the most effective protocols for gastric protection.

Fístula cutánea secundaria a úlcera de abomaso de una cabra

“…Otra manera de diagnóstico, según Lewis en el 2003 (44) y Benedette en el 2008 (45), en equinos, es el uso de la radiografía con medio de contraste. Esta es de gran utilidad para determinar el vaciado gástrico y a su vez puede determinar defectos en la homogeneidad de la pared gástrica, los cuales podrían ser compatibles con ulceraciones o perforaciones como abscesos o cáncer (39,43,45). En el caso de los rumiantes, no se han encontrado estudios que demuestren que una radiografía con medio de contraste es método de diagnóstico para una úlcera abomasal; esto más que todo se utiliza en monogástricos.…”

“…Los fármacos más utilizados para las úlceras abomasales son la cimetidina y la ranitidina. La ranitidina, tiene acción más prolongada que la cimetidina, así como también tiene menor influencia en el flujo sanguíneo hepático y en el metabolismo de otros fármacos (22,23,24,25,26). Los inhibidores de la bomba de protones también disminuyen la secreción de ácido gástrico.…”

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenous famotidine in adult cattle

“…The effect of IV ranitidine has been investigated in sheep with abomasal cannulae, indicating that a dosing interval of every 8–12 hours is most effective . That study, however, also found that sheep receiving ranitidine had increased total serum protein and increased serum creatinine concentrations, increased aspartate aminotransferase activity, and decreased serum pepsinogen concentration, indicating safety concerns for this agent in sheep …”

“…18 That study, however, also found that sheep receiving ranitidine had increased total serum protein and increased serum creatinine concentrations, increased aspartate aminotransferase activity, and decreased serum pepsinogen concentration, indicating safety concerns for this agent in sheep. 18 Drugs that increase gastric pH above 3.0 for up to 75% of a 24hour period may be associated with healing of gastric or duodenal ulcers in humans. 19 When administered as a single dose, famotidine significantly increased the abomasal outflow pH compared to the controls for up to 4 hours, from a baseline of 4.26 6 0.81 pretreatment to a high of 6.016 0.18 at 2 hours post-administration of famotidine.…”

<b>Perfil metabólico, pH abomasal, urinário e fecal e dosagem de pepsinogênio sérico em ovinos tratados com omeprazol oral</b>

“…mais eficazes no controle da produção ácida, podendo elevar o pH gástrico à 3 ou 4 durante mais tempo, quando comparados aos bloqueadores(ROBINSON, 2004).Somado a esse fato, a utilização de BH2 nos ruminantes adultos ainda é controversa. Não se observou efeito da cimetidina, com doses variando de 4 a 6 mg/kg, em bovinos adultos(GUARD, 2002), porém foi observado efeito da ranitidina em aumentar o pH abomasal por até 150 minutos, quando administrada na dose de 2 mg/kg de peso vivo em ovinos adultos saudáveis(MORGADO et al, 2014). omeprazol oral deve ser administrado na forma revestida ou ácido resistente, para que o pró-fármaco não seja ativado no lúmen estomacal devido ao pH ácido local (SACHS; SHIN;HUNT, 2010;RUIZ et al, 2012), portanto sua ação depende de adequada concentração sérica e não de sua presença no lúmen do órgão.…”