Seneciosis in cattle associated with photosensitization

Giaretta, Paula R.; Panziera, Welden; Galiza, Glauco José Nogueira de; Brum, Juliana Sperotto; Bianchi, Ronaldo Michel; Hammerschmitt, Márcia Elisa; Bazzi, Talissa; Barros, Claudio S.L.

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2014000500007

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…na espécie bovina (Riet-Correa & Méndez 2007, Barros 2016, Tokarnia et al 2012b, diferentemente de ovinos (Ilha et al 2001, Grecco et al 2011, Giaretta et al 2014b) e equinos (Pilati & Barros 2007). Entretanto, esse sinal clínico já foi descrito em surtos de evolução clínica mais prolongada (entre 30-60 dias) (Motta et al 2000, Guagnini et al 2006, Tokarnia et al 2012b, Giaretta et al 2014a, sendo, nesses casos, um dos principais sinais, semelhante ao que foi observado nas bezerras desse trabalho. Clinicamente, as lesões de fotossensibilização nos bezerros do presente surto foram visualizadas principalmente no plano nasal, dorso da língua, orelhas, tetos e pele da região periocular e dorsal, e constituem as regiões mais frequentemente acometidas (Guagnini et al 2006, Tokarnia et al 2012b, Giaretta et al 2014a.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Clinicamente, as lesões de fotossensibilização nos bezerros do presente surto foram visualizadas principalmente no plano nasal, dorso da língua, orelhas, tetos e pele da região periocular e dorsal, e constituem as regiões mais frequentemente acometidas (Guagnini et al 2006, Tokarnia et al 2012b, Giaretta et al 2014a. , Giaretta et al 2014a. Entretanto, testes de função hepática são geralmente pouco confiáveis para detectar casos subclíni-cos da intoxicação, pois a função hepática é normal nessa fase ).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Intoxicação por Senecio brasiliensis em bezerros: padrão e evolução de lesões hepáticas

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT.-Panziera W., Gonçalves M.A., Oliveira L.G.S., Lorenzett M.P., Reis M., Hammerschmitt M.E., Pavarini S. Characterization and evolution of liver lesions during the outbreak are also described. Two hundred and six 4-month-old female calves were weaned and placed in a 25-hectare pasture heavily infested by S. brasiliensis at of varying growth stages. The calves remained in this pasture for three months and were later transferred to another area where six calves aged 7-8-month-old developed clinical signs including unthriftiness, diarrhea, and subcutaneous dependent edema in the submandibular region. All these six affected calves died within 15 days from the onset of clinical signs and one of those was necropsied. Grossly the first of three patterns of hepatic lesions described in this report was observed and it was characterized by an enlarged liver, with round borders and an orange hue to the capsular and cut surfaces. Histologically there was marked diffuse vacuolar hepatocellular degeneration, bilestasis, hepatocellular megalocytosis, and mild bile duct proliferation and periportal fibrosis. Two months after the onset of the outbreak, in another visit to the farm, it was observed that an additional 28 calves got sick and 14 died. Affected calves observed in this second on-site visit were 9-10 month-old and their main clinical sign was photosensitization characterized by varying degrees of photophobia, tearing from the eyes, marked drooling, mucopurulent ocular discharge, increased nasal secretion, and ventral diphtheric glossitis. Two of the fourteen calves that died were necropsied and displayed the second pattern of hepatic lesions observed in the outbreak. Liver had smooth and whitish capsular surfaces and a moderate decrease in size. There was moderate irregularity to the cut surface of hepatic parenchyma and pale areas intercalated with red ones. Histologically there was marked periportal fibrosis, marked bile duct proliferation, hepatocellular megalocytosis, focal areas of hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhage and veno-occlusive changes. In this second on-site visit, GGT serum activity was determined in 15 affected calves and 13 of them had increased values (26-175 U/L). Seven months after the onset of the outbreak, a third visit was made to the farm when was learned that and additional 27 calves have been affected, 23 of which died within a period of 40 days. At the necropsy of three of these calves the third pattern of hepatic lesions were observed. The liver was decreased in size and markedly firm. The capsular surface was smooth and whitish and the capsular surface 1 Recebido em 1 de junho de 2016.Aceito para publicação em 29 de agosto de 2016.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Intoxicação por Senecio brasiliensis em bezerros: padrão e evolução de lesões hepáticas

et al. 2017

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“…Acute hepatotoxicity is a common presentation, resulting in a combination of inappetence, lethargy, reduced milk production, jaundice, secondary (hepatogenous) photosensitization and hepatic encephalopathy. If there is minimal access to shade and high ultraviolet radiation exposure, photosensitization may develop within hours of toxin ingestion, characterized by erythema and exudative skin lesions progressing to ulceration and necrosis of unpigmented regions [28][29][30]. Hepatic encephalopathy typically occurs in the terminal stages of disease and is characterized by behavioral derangements ranging from depression, ataxia and recumbency to aggression, mania, muscle tremors and terminal convulsions [28,30,31].…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant and Fungal Hepatotoxicities of Cattle in Australia, with a Focus on Minimally Understood Toxins

Manthorpe

Jerrett

Rawlin

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Plant- and fungus-derived hepatotoxins are a major cause of disease and production losses in ruminants in Australia and around the world. Many are well studied and described in the literature; however, this is not the case for a number of hepatotoxicities with economic and animal welfare impacts, such as acute bovine liver disease (ABLD), brassica-associated liver disease (BALD) and Trema tomentosa, Argentipallium blandowskianum and Lythrum hyssopifolia toxicity. Additionally, significant overlap in the clinical presentation and pathology of these conditions can present a diagnostic challenge for veterinarians. This review summarizes the current and most recently published knowledge of common plant- and fungus-associated hepatotoxins affecting cattle in Australia, with a focus on the mechanisms of toxicity and distinguishing diagnostic features. Consolidation of the current understanding of hepatotoxic mechanisms in cattle provides insight into the potential mechanisms of lesser-known toxins, including cellular and subcellular targets and potential metabolic pathways. In the absence of specific etiological investigations, the study of epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of hepatotoxicity provides valuable insights into potential toxic mechanisms and is integral for the successful diagnosis and management of these conditions.

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“…However, with the exception of chronic poisoning in sheep, in other species that are affected by acute or chronic PA poisoning photosensitization is uncommon (BARROS et al, 2007). In cattle, photosensitivity can occur only in animals with longer clinical manifestation periods (GIARETTA et al, 2014). This is because when the liver damage is multifocal, photosensitivity tends to be less likely, because there are still healthy hepatocytes removing the phylloerythrin; unlike when the liver damage is diffuse (RADOSTITS et al, 2007).…”

Section: Plants That Cause Photosensitivity In Ruminants In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical signs of photosensitivity caused by PA include photophobia, excessive tearing, and serous or mucopurulent eye and nasal discharge. The skin appears edematous and erythematous progressing within 15 to 30 days to necrosis and scabbing (GIARETTA et al, 2014).…”

Section: Plants That Cause Photosensitivity In Ruminants In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants in Brazil

Knupp

Riet-Correa

et al. 2016

SCA

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This study aimed to review the mechanisms of action, clinical signs, pathology, and toxic compounds of plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants. In addition, we sought to clarify the diagnostic methods and prophylaxis of photosensitivity-induced plants. Photosensitizing plants constitute an important group of poisonous plants in Brazil and there are at least seventeen species distributed in nine genera. Some of these plants have well known toxic compounds; in others, the substance responsible for the disease is unknown. In general, the photosensitivity can be classified as primary or secondary. Among the plants causing primary photosensitivity in Brazil, Ammi majus contains furocoumarins, while the compound in Froelichia humboldtiana remains uncertain. The known toxic compounds causing secondary photosensitivity include pyrrolizidine alkaloids, furans sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, and steroidal saponins. In other plants causing secondary photosensitization, including Stryphnodendron spp. and Enterolobium spp., the toxic compound is still unknown. Future research should be conducted in order to determine the various mechanisms of action of each toxic compound to assist the diagnosis of photosensitivity, to develop less toxic or non-toxic cultivars, or even to find new ways of preventing photosensitization. Key words: Cow. Goat. Sheep. Intoxication. Poisonous plants. ResumoO presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar os mecanismos de ação, os sinais clínicos, a patologia e os princípios tóxicos das plantas que causam fotossensibilização em ruminantes. Além disso, buscou-se esclarecer, de maneira sucinta e objetiva, os métodos diagnósticos e a profilaxia da fotossensibilização induzida por plantas. Plantas fotossensibilizantes em ruminantes constituem um grupo importante de plantas tóxicas no Brasil, existindo pelo menos 17 espécies de plantas fotossensibilizantes distribuídas em nove gêneros. Algumas delas têm princípio ativo conhecido; em outras não se conhecem as substâncias responsáveis pela doença. Em geral, a fotossensibilização pode ser classificada como primária e secundária. Das plantas descritas como fotossensibilizantes primárias no Brasil, apenas a Ammi majus teve seu princípio tóxico identificado (furocumarinas), enquanto o da Froelichia humboldtiana continua incerto. Outros princípios ativos fotossensibilizantes também foram descritos em plantas, porém causando fotossensibilização secundária, dentre eles estão os alcalóides pirrolizidínicos, os furanossesquiterpenos, os triterpenos, e as saponinas esteroidais. Existem ainda plantas reconhecidamente fotossensibilizantes secundárias que não apresentam princípio tóxico conhecido, como as do gênero Striphnodendron e

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Seneciosis in cattle associated with photosensitization

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Intoxicação por Senecio brasiliensis em bezerros: padrão e evolução de lesões hepáticas

Intoxicação por Senecio brasiliensis em bezerros: padrão e evolução de lesões hepáticas

Plant and Fungal Hepatotoxicities of Cattle in Australia, with a Focus on Minimally Understood Toxins

Plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants in Brazil

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