Microrganismos patogênicos, celularidade e resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite bovino produzido no sistema orgânico

Abstract

RESUMO.-Nos últimos anos cresce a preocupação dos consumidores quanto à qualidade do leite e às condições de produção e bem-estar dos animais. Simultaneamente, aumenta o interesse e o consumo de produtos e subprodutos de origem animal produzidos no sistema orgânico, com destaque para o leite e derivados. O presente estudo investigou a presença de microrganismos patogênicos, a sensibilidade e a multi-resistência dos isolados aos antimicrobianos, a celularidade e a presença de resíduos de drogas no leite de vacas, com e sem mastite, produzido no sistema orgânico. In last years increase the importance of milk quality and conditions of bovine milking. Simultaneously, increase the interest about organic milk and derivates. The aim of present study was investigate the milk pathogens, sensitivity and multiple drug resistance of isolates, somatic cell count and residues of drugs in milk, from cattle with and without mastitis, come from four little organic dairy farms in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Were used 148 cattle on the middle period of lactation. From these, two showed clinical mastitis, 72 subclinical mastitis and 74 without signs of mammary inflammation (controls). Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (21.4%), Corynebacterium bovis (12.9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.3%) and Staphylococcus spp. (4.3%) were the more-frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with mastitis. Aspergillus spp. was isolated from one animal. Ceftiofur (95.2%), oxacillin (84.2%), gentamicin (76.3%) and cefoperazone (70.3%) were the more effective drugs. High resistance of isolates were found to penicillin (53.5%), ampicillin (41.6%) and neomycin (38.6%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more drugs was observed in 40 (39.6%) isolates. Media of somatic cell count encountered in animals with mastitis and controls were 175,742.67cs/mL and 58,227.6 cs/mL, respectively. Antimicrobials residues in milk were detected in four (2.7%) animals. The present findings showed the low somatic cell count of animals, indicative of good quality of milk. However, pointed the need of control measures for contagious pathogens of bovine mastitis and more attention for prohibition of antimicrobial use in organic dairy farms.

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. from small ruminant mastitis in Brazil

“…However, because CNS are the major mastitis causing agents in small ruminants, the high frequency of resistant genes in such species reported here is worth noting. Although goats and sheep are raised on pasture in extensive or semi-intensive production systems in Brazil, the widespread use of some antimicrobials for clinical treatment purposes might be associated with the high resistance rates (Ribeiro et al 2009, Schmidt et al 2009), as observed in the present study. Uncontrolled antimicrobial usage was reported by farmers and agricultural technicians in the sampling region.…”

USE OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi IN PRE- AND POST-MILKING ANTISEPSIS OF THE TEAT IN DAIRY COWS

“…Bovine mastitis is caused mainly by bacterial agents, most common of which are those belonging to the genera Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterium spp. (13) In a study of milk produced in an organic production system, Ribeiro (9) isolated mainly Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.…”

“…(4) The term 'organic' refers to animal and plant foods produced without the use of fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, antimicrobials, antiparasitics, transgenics, or any other drug having residues harmful to human health, including products for agricultural use intended for dairy animals. (9) The aim of this study was to develop and test a Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi-based product, with antibacterial action to be used in pre-and post-milking teat antisepsis.…”

Caracterização da mastite subclínica em caprinos produzidos em sistema orgânico no Rio Grande do Sul

“…Santos et al (2004) também evidenciaram reduzida sensibilidade e especificidade para o CMT no diagnóstico de mastite em caprinos. Tal resultado poderia encontrar justificativa na alta celu- mésticos exploradas com finalidade leiteira em manejo orgânico, pode encontrar justificativa nas mazelas adquiridas do uso indevido destes fármacos, em propriedades que foram recentemente certificadas de convencionais para orgânicas (Ribeiro et al 2009). Entre os métodos profiláticos de mastites, encontrase a utilização de produtos desinfetantes e higienizantes.…”

“…As propriedades orgânicas devem gerar alimentos de alta qualidade nutricional, isentos de resíduos ou de produtos químicos nocivos ao homem (Brasil 2008). Com efeito, o valor agregado do produto orgânico é superior ao leite e subprodutos produzidos de forma convencional, fato que tem motivado a migração de produtores tradicionais para a modalidade orgânica, vislumbrados com esta alternativa de produção de leite e derivados de alto valor econô-mico, sem a necessidade de grandes investimentos (Ribeiro et al 2009). …”