Trypanosoma vivax infection dynamics in a cattle herd maintained in a transition area between Pantanal lowlands and highlands of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Abstract

relevant economical impact due to weight loss, abortion and mortality. Cattle moved from the Pantanal to adjacent areas of this ecosystem for breeding and fattening is a common feature. Therefore an epidemiological study on breeding cows in the transition area between Pantanal lowland and adjacent highlands of Mato Grosso do Sul was performed to determine the T. vivax infection dynamics and outbreak risk. Three experimental groups were formed: Group 1 consisted of cows parasitologically negative by the Woo test and in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for T. vivax antibody detection (Tv-ELISA-Ab); Group 2 parasitologically negative and positive in the Tv-ELISA-Ab; and in Group 3 cows were parasitologically positive and with positive reactions in the Tv-ELISAAb. During 24 months, the cows' dislodgment between the above established groups was monitored by Woo test and Tv-ELISA-Ab exams. The tabanid population was also monitored and the highest number occurred during the rainy season. Although parasitemias were detected only in the first four samplings of the experimental period, the cows could be considered as trypanotolerant, because no clinical signs were observed. Despite the higher T. vivax incidence during the dry season, no disease symptoms were seen. Even though T. vivax epidemiological situation in the herd was characterized as endemic with seasonal variation, the probability of outbreaks was null within the conditions of the study.

Prevalence study on Trypanosoma vivax in dairy cattle in the Western region on the State of Paraná, Brazil

“…Use of injectable oxytocin during milking is one of the main factors responsible for its dissemination, because of use of infected needles and syringes (CIEP, 2016). Nonetheless, this hemoprotozoon may also affect beef cattle, and this has already been reported from several states (MARTINS et al, 2008). Therefore, studies investigating this parasite in beef cattle in Paraná should also be conducted, given that there is greater volume of transportation between states for beef cattle than for dairy cattle.…”

“…The Pantanal region in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo are the locations of the largest numbers of cases of disease caused by T. vivax (MARTINS et al, 2008;CADIOLI et al, 2012;BARBIERI et al, 2016).…”

Diversity and population dynamic of Tabanidae (Diptera) in the cerrado-pantanal ecotone

“…In the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, horseflies of the genus Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758, as well as the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus Geoffroy, 1810 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) are reported as vectors of Trypanosoma evansi Steel, 1884 (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) in the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari Link, 1795; Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) and the wild pig (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758; Artiodactyla: Suidae), (HERRERA et al, 2005). Tabanus nebulosus DeGeer, 1776 is associated with the transmission of Trypanosoma vivax to cattle in South America (OTTE; ABUABARA, 1991) and tabanid with T. vivax in the Colombian Atlantic coast (OTTE et al, 1994) and the Pantanal region, Brazil (MARTINS et al, 2008). Besides the mechanical transmission of pathogens, the nuisance and damage caused by horseflies also lead to livestock economic losses (FOIL;HOGSETTE, 1994).…”

O AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL IRÁ ALTERAR A DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE Lepiselaga crassipes (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE), VETOR DE TRIPANOSSOMÍASES EM EQUINOS, NA REGIÃO NEOTROPICAL?

“…As mutucas (Insecta: Diptera: Tabanidae) são ectoparasitos de vertebrados e atuam como vetores mecânicos e/ou biológicos de organismos patogênicos (Krinsky 1976, Silva et al 2002, sendo consideradas um protótipo de vetor mecânico devido ao seu comportamento, hábito hematófago e a morfologia do seu aparelho bucal (Krinsky 1976, Foil & Gorham 2000. Trabalhos publicados para a região Neotropical indicam que pelo menos 18 espécies de tabanídeos, pertencentes a cinco gêneros, são vetores dos protozoários Trypanosoma evansi e T. vivax (Krinsky 1976, Raymond 1987, Parra-Henao et al 2008, Martins et al 2008. Estes autores também sugerem que a espécie Lepiselaga crassipes (Fabricius, 1805) (Diptera, Tabanidae) seja vetor potencial destes protozoários causadores da tripanossomíase em equinos, devido a sua presença em grande abundância nos locais de surtos da doença (Otte et al 1994, Barros 2001, Koller et al 2003, Martins et al 2008.…”

“…Trabalhos publicados para a região Neotropical indicam que pelo menos 18 espécies de tabanídeos, pertencentes a cinco gêneros, são vetores dos protozoários Trypanosoma evansi e T. vivax (Krinsky 1976, Raymond 1987, Parra-Henao et al 2008, Martins et al 2008. Estes autores também sugerem que a espécie Lepiselaga crassipes (Fabricius, 1805) (Diptera, Tabanidae) seja vetor potencial destes protozoários causadores da tripanossomíase em equinos, devido a sua presença em grande abundância nos locais de surtos da doença (Otte et al 1994, Barros 2001, Koller et al 2003, Martins et al 2008. A tripanossomíase em equinos é comumente denominada como "surra", "derrengadera" (Hoare 1972), "mal das cadeiras" (Silva et al 1995) ou "peste quebra bunda", sendo que na América do Sul representam um potencial de risco para 16 milhões de cavalos (Dávila & Silva 2000).…”