Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 23(4):173-178, out./dez. 2003 173 SINOPSE.-São descritos surtos de enterotoxemia em caprinos em cinco propriedades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais afetados eram, normalmente, encontrados mortos ou apresentavam evolução aguda de 2 a 3 horas com acentuada depressão, cólicas abdominais e diarréia profusa com fibrina. Em duas propriedades relataram-se casos com a evolução de até 12 horas. Em treze animais necropsiados observaram-se aumento de líquidos nas cavidades abdominal, torácica e pericárdica, congestão e hiperemia da serosa e mucosa do intestino, conteúdo do cólon líquido com fibrina além de hemorragias de serosa e fibrina. Em um animal constatou-se microangiopatia cerebral caracterizada por acúmulo de material homogêneo e eosinofílico no espaço perivascular. No conteúdo intestinal, colônias com bastonetes morfológica e bioquimicamente sugestivos de Clostridium perfringens foram caracterizadas no estudo bacteriológico. A soroneutralização em camundongos com conteúdo intestinal dos animais afetados, revelou a presença da toxina épsilon. Estes achados evidenciam a enterotoxemia como doença de importância para criação de caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Five outbreaks of caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were studied. The animals were found dead or had a clinical course that usually lasted 2-3 hours. From two farms a clinical manifestation period of 12 hours was reported. Clinical signs were characterized by depression, marked abdominal discomfort, profuse watery diarrhea with fibrin clots, and death. Thirteen necropsies were performed and hydropericardium, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were commonly found. The mucosa and serosa of the colon were congested, and its contents was watery with multiple fibrin clots. Serosal hemorrhages and fibrin clots in the gallbladder were also seen. Fibrinous colitis and thyphilitis were the most frequent histological changes. Cerebral microangiopathy was observed in one case, which was characterized by acute perivascular proteinaceous edema around arterioles of the nucleus caudatus and thalamus. Large numbers of Gram-positive rods, often in clumps and with morphology consistent with Clostridium perfringens, were seen in intestinal smears. The intestinal contents of six goats were positive for epsilon toxin by mouse neutralization test. These findings suggest that enterotoxaemia is an important disease of goat flocks in southern Brazil.INDEX TERMS: Goat enterotoxaemia, Clostridium perfringens, epsilon toxin.

Causes of death in goats in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil: analysis of 322 cases (2000-2016)

“…These factors are epidemiologically related with the number of cases in each property and were compatible with the ones found in the present study. Enterotoxemia affects goats of variable ages and the pathogenesis is influenced by production of alpha and epsilon toxin by the bacteria (Uzal & Songer 2008, Nasir et al 2013, however in the present study the diagnosis of the condition was based on the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the condition, sometimes associated to the detection of the agent by microbiological culture or through serum neutralization in mice (Colodel et al 2003). Unvaccinated animals tolerate low levels of toxin without developing clinical signs (Uzal et al 2002).…”

Intramural Vascular Edema in the Brain of Goats WithClostridium perfringensType D Enterotoxemia

“…At the time of necropsy, samples from multiple organs, including heart, lung, liver, pancreas, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small and large intestine, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and brain, from all animals were collected and fixed by immersion in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 to 48 hours. The brain was then cut into *0.5cm-thick coronal sections, and blocks were collected from all those areas where pathological findings in sheep and goats with enterotoxemia had been previously reported, 6,9,10,21,[26][27][28] including cerebral cortex, corpus striatum (basal ganglia and internal capsule), thalamus, hippocampus, midbrain at the level of anterior colliculi, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. All the tissues were paraffin embedded, sectioned at 4 mm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).…”

“…21 Descriptions of histological changes in enterotoxemia of goats are scant and, with few exceptions, are based on experimental disease. 6,9,21,23,26,28,30 Cerebral microangiopathy, characterized by perivascular and intramural leakage of proteinaceus, eosinophilic fluid in certain areas of the brain, is considered pathognomonic for ovine enterotoxemia and is seen in most ovine cases of the disease. 3,12 In goats with type D enterotoxemia, only perivascular but not intramural edema has been described.…”

Doenças do sistema digestório de caprinos e ovinos no semiárido do Brasil

“…Estudos restrospectivos sobre a acidose ruminal em caprinos e em ovinos foram realizados, respectivamente, por Vieira et al (2006) no Estado de Pernambuco e Silva et al (2009) no Estado do Pará. Observa--se que também são escassos os trabalhos sobre as doenças infecciosas do sistema digestório sendo identificado apenas, um de enterotoxemia em caprinos (Colodel et al 2003) e no Estado da Paraíba dois sobre paratuberculose ) e um de ectima contagioso em caprinos e ovinos (Nóbrega Júnior et al 2008).…”