Are alveolar bone changes a determinant factor for "cara inchada" in cattle?

Abstract

ABSTRACT.-Döbereiner J. & Dämmrich K. 1997. Are alveolar bone changes a determinant factor for cara inchada in cattle? Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 17(2):45-48. Projeto Saúde Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23851-970, Brazil.In order to study possible alterations of the skeleton which might play a role in the pathogenesis of the periodontitis of cara inchada in young cattle, ribs from 20 affected calves, 2 to 10 months old, were examined. Electrolytically decalcified longitudinal sections of the costochondral junction and cross sections through the corpus costae, stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin, were studied. In five calves, longitudinal sections of the proximal humerus were examined as well. The status of mineralization was checked by microradiograms. Systemic alteration of the skeleton due to disturbances of mineral metabolism could not be shown in any of the animals. In seven 2 to 4 months old calves, no bone changes were found. The reduced osteogenesis in six 3 to 5 months old calves and the reduced osteogenesis and diminished chondral growth in seven 5 to 10 months old calves are therefore a consequence of the disease. The results show that the development of the alveolar bone was not defective, so this cannot be a determinant factor for the development of the periodontitis of cara inchada in cattle.INDEX TERMS: Cara inchada , periodontitis, cattle, pathogenesis, skeleton, bone histopathology.SINOPSE.-Alterações do osso alveolar são um fator determinante da cara inchada dos bovinos? Para verificar possíveis alterações do esqueleto, que poderiam ter papel importante na patogênese da periodontite da cara inchada em bovinos jovens, costelas de 20 bezerros com 2 a 10 meses de idade e afetados pela doença foram estudadas. Examinaram-se cortes longitudinais eletroliticamante descalcificados das junções cartilaginosas e cortes transversais do corpus costae, corados pela hematoxilina-eosina. Em cinco bezerros examinaram-se também cortes longitudinais do úmero proximal. O estado de mineralização óssea foi avaliado através de microrradiogramas. Em nenhum dos animais alterações do esqueleto por distúrbios do metabolismo mi-

"Cara inchada" of cattle, an infectious, apparently soil antibiotics-dependant periodontitis in Brazil

“…Moreover, pastures become nutritionally poorer in mineral elements with time, and so if the cause of CI was a mineral deficiency, the incidence of the disease would be increasing and not decreasing to the point of complete disappearance. These conclusions (Rosa & Döbereiner 1994) are also supported by a later study (Döbereiner & Dämmrich 1997), on secondary bone changes occurring in CI showing that there is no evidence for a relationship of CI with mineral deficiency or imbalance. Sousa et al (1986) studied the effect of mineral supplementation on the incidence of CI by an experiment of 387 days with 170 calves, distributed into 10 treatments, each with 15 CI-diseased animals and 2 healthy controls, which were maintained on Brachiaria decumbens-pastures on a CIprone farm in Mato Grosso do Sul (Bracinho, county of Bandeirantes).…”

“…Here again it appeared possible that a reduced osteogenesis could lead to the hypoplastic development of the alveolar bone and to the formation of periodontal pouches (Brito 1983, Soni 1984, Souza 1987. The study by Döbereiner & Dämmrich (1997) of the 20 calves with CI mentioned above, showed that reduced osteogenesis was not always present. No signs of reduced osteogenesis was found in seven calves.…”

“…In search for these possible alterations in the skeleton, they examined the scull, vertebrae and long bones of 7 to l3-month-old cattle affected by CI. As the ribs show the first and most distinctive alterations in generalized diseases of the skeleton, Döbereiner & Dämmrich (1997) carried out histological and microradiographic examinations of the ribs of 17 CI-diseased 2 to 6-month-old calves and of three affected animals of 7 to 10 months of age. In none of these calves could changes of the skeleton due to disturbances of the mineral metabolism be detected.…”

Jürgen Döbereiner: a life dedicated to science

“…Um destaque especial nesses estudos foi a sua colaboração com o Prof. Dr. Hans Blobel, Diretor do Instituto de Bacteriologia e Imunologia da Universidade Justus-Liebig, de Giessen, Alemanha, que resultou nos estudos inéditos sobre a participação de bactérias na etiopatogenia da cara inchada. Além dos avanços no estudo da doença, esta colaboração possibilitou a formação de um considerável e efetivo quadro de pesquisadores brasileiros e alemães (Dutra et al 1993a, Döbereiner & Dämmrich 1997, Grassmann et al 1997. Alguns aspectos epidemiológicos desta doença foram elucidados como a recuperação de bezerros transferidos para pasto de área considerada indene (Döbereiner et al 1975b(Döbereiner et al , 1976.…”

A etiologia da "cara inchada", uma periodontite epizoótica dos bovinos

“…como fator desencadeante da periodontite. Assim, não se deve postular que uma atrofia do bordo do alvéolo abriria uma porta de entrada para a infecção bacteriana (Döbereiner & Dämmrich 1997). Também não foram encontradas alterações do colágeno que pudessem diminuir a integridade da gengiva marginal (Seifert et al 1983 (Blobel et al 1984).…”