INTOXICAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL PELAS SEMENTES TRITURADAS DE Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) EM COELHOS

Brito, Marilene de Farias; Tokarnia, Carlos Hubinger

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x1997000100001

Cited by 6 publications

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“…The first clinical signs shown by the horses in this study were observed about 21 hours after provision with castor bean cake. This time is in agreement with that described for equines (6-30 h after ingestion of the seeds) (Wooldridge 1918, Fernandes et al 2002), bovines (Albuquerque et al 2014), sheep (Aslani et al 2007), and rabbits (Brito & Tokarnia 1996). In contrast, the clinical evolution to death in the horses in this study ranged from 2 to 4.5 hours, considerably shorter than that observed by Wooldridge (1918), who reported a 2-day evolution, and by White (1918), who described evolution of about 24 hours.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Equines are especially sensitive to ricin, with a toxic dose of seeds of 0.1g/kg of body weight (Tokarnia et al 2012). Clinical signs in the different species appear 6-30 h after ingestion of the seeds (Wooldridge 1918, Brito & Tokarnia 1996, Fernandes et al 2002, Aslani et al 2007, Albuquerque et al 2014, and clinical evolution to death varies from four to 56 hours (Brito & Tokarnia 1996, Fernandes et al 2002, Albuquerque et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accidental poisoning by castor bean (Ricinus communis) cake in horses

et al. 2018

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Ricinus communis is a shrub of the family Euphorbiaceae popularly known in Brazil as “mamona” or “carrapateira”. It is an oleaginous plant whose seeds have been used mainly in biodiesel production. Plant seed oil can be extracted mechanically or using solvents, generating castor bean cake and castor bean meal as by-products, respectively. Accidental ingestion of these by-products can cause poisoning in animals and humans, characterized by digestive signs resulting from the presence of a toxalbumin called ricin. Seed toxicity varies among animal species; in horses, the lethal dose of seeds is 0.1 g/kg of body weight. The literature presents plenty of studies addressing poisoning by R. communis in different animal species and in humans; however, reports are scarce and little information is available on the pathological aspects of poisoning regarding equines. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects observed in an outbreak of accidental poisoning with castor bean cake in horses. The equines were supplemented with palm kernel (Elaeis guianeesis) cake; however, in the purchase of a new batch, there was an error in the order, and castor bean cake was requested instead. Four horses that received castor bean cake presented clinical signs indicative of colic, which started about 21 hours after administration. Three of these horses died, with clinical evolution from 2 to 4.5 hours; the other animal was treated with intravenous fluid and antibiotic therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and recovered after five days. In the necropsy of two of these horses, the main lesions were found in the small intestine, where mucosae with pronounced redness and covered with a thin layer of yellow fibrous material were observed. In the intestinal lumen, there was a large amount of bloody liquid. The stomach was full, and dark lumps similar to crushed castor bean seeds were observed in the contents. The adrenal glands of both horses presented congestion and hemorrhage in the cortex. In microscopy, the main lesion was an acute, diffuse and accentuated fibrin-necrotic enteropathy affecting the jejunum. The diagnosis of castor bean cake poisoning was based on the circumstantial evidence of by-product consumption supported by clinical and pathological aspects. The results indicate that castor bean cake commercially available as fertilizer is extremely toxic when ingested, and there is a need for appropriate detoxification or labeling informing of its toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental poisoning by castor bean (Ricinus communis) cake in horses

et al. 2018

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“…In Brazil, the data reported to date were mainly from experimental studies in cattle, sheep and rabbits (Armién et al 1996, Brito & Tokarnia 1997, Tokarnia & Döbereiner 1997 and spontaneous cases of poisoning in cattle have not been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in cattle

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(9) The aim of this study is to report cases of spontaneous poisoning of cattle by Ricinus communis (castor beans) in Paraíba, a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The cases were observed in 2 herds on neighboring properties in 2013. Clinical signs developed within 6-24 h and consisted of weakness, tachycardia, dyspnea, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, depression, instability, cramps, permanent lateral recumbency and death within 48-72 h. Of the 60 cattle at risk, 19 were affected and 14 died. Five fully recovered after the course of 12 days. Three animals were necropsied. The main gross lesions were hemopericardium, hemothorax, pulmonary edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epicardium and endocardium, ecchymoses at the papillary muscles and suffusions on the intercostal muscles. Hemorrhages were also observed in the abdominal cavity, spleen and mucosa of the abomasum and small intestine. The rumen content was liquid with a large amount of castor bean seeds. There were circular, whitish and focally diffuse areas in the liver parenchyma. The main microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal coagulative myocardial necrosis with the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and varying degrees of bleeding between cardiac muscle fibers. The abomasum and small intestine mucosae and submucosa had mild edema and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. The diagnosis of R. communis was based on the history of plant consumption, clinical signs, pathology of the disease and the presence of large amounts of castor bean seeds in the forestomachs.

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“…In cattle, spontaneous poisoning is always associated with intense hunger and, historically, poisonings have occurred on those years of prolonged drought (Albuquerque et al 2014, Riet-Correa et al 2017. Data reported until this date were mainly from experimental studies in cattle, sheep and rabbits (Armién et al 1996, Brito & Tokarnia 1997, Tokarnia & Döbereiner 1997 and spontaneous cases of poisoning in goats have not been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis leaves (Euphorbiaceae) in goats

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to report the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of poisoning by the ingestion of Ricinus communis leaves in a herd of goats at Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Within 3-5 hours after ingesting the sprouts and young shrubs of the plant, twenty Toggenburg female goats and two adults crossbred wethers presented acute neurological clinical signs, which were initially characterized by decreased locomotor activity that later evolved to severe ataxia, depression, incoordination and staggering gait. Four goat that died spontaneously were necropsied. Gross lesions were unspecific and consisted in focal areas of lungs edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epicardium and congestion and enlargement of liver. The contents of the rumen, reticulum and omasum were dry and contained leaves of the plant. Histologically there were no lesions in the CNS. In the liver, the main lesion consisted in cytoplasmic vacuolization and necrosis of hepatocytes. Eighteen goats recovered after a supportive therapy with activated charcoal, glycated isotonic solution, dexamethasone and vitamin B12. There is no specific therapy for poisoning by R. communis, however supportive and symptomatic treatments are recommended and should be based on the clinical signs.

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INTOXICAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL PELAS SEMENTES TRITURADAS DE Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) EM COELHOS

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Accidental poisoning by castor bean (Ricinus communis) cake in horses

Accidental poisoning by castor bean (Ricinus communis) cake in horses

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in cattle

Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis leaves (Euphorbiaceae) in goats

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