The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning in cattle in the region of Pernambuco, Brazil and to determine if it is possible to induce food aversion by
The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of spontaneous poisoning by Merremia macrocalyx in cattle in the Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil, and to experimentally replicate the poisoning by this plant. To determine the occurrence of poisonings, 30 farms were visited in six municipalities at the Forest Zone of Pernambuco. The plant was found in nine farms, in which history of plant poisoning in cattle, and occasionally in sheep were also reported. Three outbreaks of spontaneous poisonings in cattle were studied. To replicate the disease experimentally, two steers received a single dose of 60g/kg and two steers received 80g/kg of the fresh leaves of M. macrocalyx in the trough for spontaneous ingestion. Two steers were also used as a control group. The main clinical signs observed in spontaneous cases consisted of restlessness, bloat, polyuria, diarrhea, and death within 48 to 72 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Cattle experimentally poisoned presented similar clinical signs to those observed in spontaneous cases. Gross lesions consisted of dryness and impaction of the rumen, omasum and reticulum contents. Abomasal content was fluid, the mucosa was hyperemic, with swollen folds and multiple ulcers. Similar lesions were observed in duodenum mucosae. Histologically, lesions observed in the abomasum and duodenum mucosa consisted of necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes. The wide distribution and palatability of this plant, associated with the high sensitivity of the bovine species verified in this experiment, highlight the importance of this plant in spontaneous cases of poisoning in cattle.
The aim of this study was to report the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of poisoning by the ingestion of Ricinus communis leaves in a herd of goats at Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Within 3-5 hours after ingesting the sprouts and young shrubs of the plant, twenty Toggenburg female goats and two adults crossbred wethers presented acute neurological clinical signs, which were initially characterized by decreased locomotor activity that later evolved to severe ataxia, depression, incoordination and staggering gait. Four goat that died spontaneously were necropsied. Gross lesions were unspecific and consisted in focal areas of lungs edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epicardium and congestion and enlargement of liver. The contents of the rumen, reticulum and omasum were dry and contained leaves of the plant. Histologically there were no lesions in the CNS. In the liver, the main lesion consisted in cytoplasmic vacuolization and necrosis of hepatocytes. Eighteen goats recovered after a supportive therapy with activated charcoal, glycated isotonic solution, dexamethasone and vitamin B12. There is no specific therapy for poisoning by R. communis, however supportive and symptomatic treatments are recommended and should be based on the clinical signs.
ResumoA paratuberculose é uma doença infecciosa causada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), um bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR), que se replica nos macrófagos da lâmina própria do intestino delgado e grosso, e que acomete principalmente ruminantes domésticos e selvagens. Os sinais clínicos observados cursam com enterite granulomatosa e crônica. Devido à má absorção de nutrientes, os animais afetados apresentam perda progressiva de peso, mau estado corporal e óbito. Objetivou-se descrever os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de casos de paratuberculose no município de Carpina, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Dois bovinos mestiços com holandês foram examinados clinicamente e necropsiados. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em pelos quebradiços e sem brilho, perda progressiva de peso, desidratação e diarreia. À necropsia observou-se os linfonodos mesentéricos aumentados de volume, esbranquiçados e edemaciados. No intestino delgado as lesões consistiram em espessamento da mucosa intestinal, principalmente da prega ileocecal. Na avaliação histológica visibilizou-se acentuado infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso difuso na mucosa intestinal com numerosos macrófagos com aspecto epitelióide, células gigantes de Langhans, além de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR) visualizados através da coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN). Este trabalho demonstra a ocorrência de casos de paratuberculose no município de Carpina, na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco.Palavras-Chave: doença de Johne; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; enterite granulomatosa. AbstractParatuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), an alcohol-acid resistant bacillus (BAAR), which replicates in macrophages of the lamina propria of the small and large intestines, affecting mainly domestic and wild ruminants. The clinical manifestation is often observed in adult cattle and consists of a granulomatous and chronic enteritis. Due to malabsorption of nutrients, affected animals present progressive weight loss and poor body condition, which can lead to death. This work aims to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of paratuberculosis cases affecting a flock of cattle in the municipality of Carpina, in the Forest Region of Pernambuco State. Two crossbreed cows were affected and necropsied. The main clinical signs consisted of brittle and opaque hair, progressive weight loss, dehydration and diarrhea. Gross lesions consisted of enlarged, whitish and swollen mesenteric lymph nodes. In the small intestine, lesions consisted of thickening of the intestinal mucosa, mainly of the ileocecal fold.
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