“…The most frequent type is primary or idiopathic disease of unknown etiology. Secondary achalasia can be caused by ChagasÕ disease [1], sarcoidosis [2], amyloidosis [3], or diabetic autonomic neuropathy [4]. Other conditions such as benign and malignant tumors [5][6][7] as well as gastroesophageal (GE) reflux disease [8,9] also may produce esophageal dilation, simulating achalasia.…”