Comparação de elementos filtrantes no grau de obstrução em irrigação por gotejamento

Abstract

RESUMO:Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade mostrar a variação da qualidade da água e sua influência na perda de carga de dois sistemas de filtragem (filtro de disco e manta sintética não tecida) utilizados em um sistema de irrigação localizada por gotejamento. Utilizou-se água de um reservatório aberto, onde foi instalado um módulo de irrigação localizada para o estudo. Para melhor comparação dos filtros, foram utilizados dois índices de uniformidade de distribuição de água para verificar o grau de entupimento dos gotejadores. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas de 30 dias, realizadas em diferentes estações do ano. Em cada etapa, foram analisados os principais parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos da água de irrigação que causam problemas de entupimento nos emissores: sólidos suspensos, turbidez, pH, ferro, manganês, sulfetos, condutividade elétrica, sólidos dissolvidos, dureza, índice de Langelier, algas e bactérias. Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros químicos que apresentaram médio risco de obstrução aos emissores, foram: pH, ferro e sulfetos. Os parâmetros físicos e biológicos analisados apresentaram baixo risco de entupimento nos gotejadores. No filtro de manta sintética não tecida, a evolução da perda de carga foi mais acentuada e mais rápida em relação ao de disco. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:qualidade de água, manta sintética não tecida, filtragem. COMPARACION OF FILTER ELEMENTS IN OBSTRUCTION LEVEL IN DRIP IRRIGATION ABSTRACT:The research had as objective to show the variation of water quality and its influence in the head loss of two filtration systems (disc filter and non-woven synthetic fabrics) used in a dripper irrigation system. For a better comparison of the filters were used two water uniformity distribution index to estimate the obstructions of emitters and analyzed the main physical, chemical and biological parameters of the irrigation water causing problem of obstruction in drippers during of the period of one year.. The evaluation criterions of the impurities in the irrigation water were based on the studies of the trickle irrigation systems. The parameters analyzed were: pH, turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, EC, hardness, Langelier index, total iron, sulphites, algae and bacterium. The source of water used in this experiment was from an open reservoir, where it has been installed an experimental trickle irrigation system. The research was developed in four phases of 30 days each, in different seasons of year. The interpretation of the results showed that the chemical factors, which presented medium risk of clogging for the emitters, were pH and the concentration of iron and sulphites. The physical and biological analyzed parameters of water quality showed low risk of clogging in the drippers. In the filter of non-woven synthetic fabrics the evolution of head loss was sharper and faster than in the disc filter.

Efficiency of Artesian Filters to Eliminate Solids Present in Irrigation Water

“…However, the small and medium gravels have a higher capacity of retention of suspended solids in the water, obtaining a higher filtration efficiency, as observed in this study (Figure 2). Ribeiro and Paterniani (2013) in a research with the purpose of obtaining better water for a drip irrigation system through the use of a filter (manta filter), observed that over time, this filter had more expressive results Which emphasizes the importance of researches that develop alternative filtration systems of its use in small-scale irrigated agriculture, mainly in irrigation projects in the northeastern semi-arid region.…”

“…Among the many studies (Crozariollo Neto et al, 2011;Paterniani et al, 2011;Carmo et al, 2012;Miranda et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2012;Ribeiro & Paterniani, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2016) in the development of alternative filters emphasize the importance of good results for irrigation, due to its low cost and easy acquisition of the filtering material, being able to be incorporated within the agriculture irrigated by the small farmer and allowing to attend small projects of localized irrigation, providing quality water and favoring optimal operation throughout the irrigation system.…”

“…In view of the technological advance and the potential of the proper use of irrigated agriculture, considering mainly the cost, it stands out the localized irrigation, used in large scale due to several advantages, such as the greater economy and efficiency of water application and of fertilizers (Ribeiro & Paterniani, 2013). However, for the success of any irrigation system and for the good performance, water quality is fundamental, especially in localized systems, for example, drip irrigation, developed due to the scarcity of water.…”

“…However, for the success of any irrigation system and for the good performance, water quality is fundamental, especially in localized systems, for example, drip irrigation, developed due to the scarcity of water. However, in these irrigation systems there are frequent problems, such as the clogging of the emitters (drippers and micro- IV INOVAGRI International Meeting, 2017 sprinklers), for which some authors emphasize in their studies the direct relation with water quality and the efficiency of the filtration system (Ribeiro & Paterniani, 2013).…”

“…sugarcane bagasse, activated charcoal, synthetic fabric, sand, gravel, fabric, sponge, etc. ), mainly good filtration efficiency for regions with low quality water (Crozariollo Neto et al, 2011;Paterniani et al, 2011;Carmo et al, 2012;Miranda et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2012;Ribeiro & Paterniani, 2013).…”