Physiological and biochemical characterization of the assai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) during seed germination and seedling growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Gonçalves, José Francisco de Carvalho; Lima, Renata Braga Souza; Fernandes, Andréia Varmes; Borges, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e; Buckeridge, Marcos Silveira

doi:10.1590/s0100-67622010000600010

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Results similar to those presented here were reported by Beckmann et al (2012), evaluating the physiological potential of E. oleracea seeds, scarified, where these authors demonstrated that the highest percentage of vigorous seedlings was obtained using the mixture of soil and cattle manure. The results obtained in this study (Table 2) are consistent with those reported by Gonçalves et al (2010), studying the physiology of germination of this same species, verified that seeds harvested in flooded areas presented higher rates for the first count and percentage of germination when compared to seeds coming from uplands. Probably the best physiological potential of assai seeds developed in flooded environments, such as igapó where the highest content of organic matter and nutrients, is due to the cycling of organic material accumulated in the forest soil due to flooding with rainwater and/or rivers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These differences are distinguished as regards biochemical, morphological and physiological characteristics of fruits and seeds (Wycoffet al, 2015). Seeds formed under flood stress in várzeas and igapós, for example, may undergo alterations in their composition, quantity, reserve mobilization and germination enzymes, which may affect seedling growth and the production of seedlings of assai (Gonçalves et al, 2010). Thus, the selection of individuals with desirable performance characteristics can be performed in advance, based on the physiological potential of the seeds, emergence and vigor of the seedlings (Martins et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and Initial Growth of the Seedlings of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds of Different Ecotypes in Function on the Substrate

Silva¹,

Melo²,

Araújo³

et al. 2018

JAS

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In Brazil, the assai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native palm of the Amazon biome, being exploited in an extractive and predatory way to obtain palm heart and processed pulp. In recent years, there has been an increase in the exploitation of commercial plantations in the country, since extractivism and management of native areas are not able to meet growing demand. In this way, companies of the sector and public institutions have invested in new technologies, such as the improvement of plants, which has increased the demand for good quality seeds, coming from natural ecotypes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate seeds of E. oleracea from three ecotypes regarding the emergence and initial growth of the seedlings in different substrates to guide future plant selection. Seed lots from three assai berry ecotypes were evaluated for water content, seedling emergence, first count, seedling emergence speed index, seedling length and dry mass. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four repetitions of 50 seeds, sown on different substrates. In the physiological characteristics of the seeds and seedlings, there are differences of the three E. oleracea ecotypes. These ecotypes make it possible to identify and select assai palm’s mother plants of Luiz Domingues (IG) and Maracanã (V) natives of areas of the igapó and várzea, respectively, as producers of better quality seeds and seedlings in an alternative substrate (composed of sand, agricultural soil and cattle manure in a proportion of 2:2:1) and, commercial substrate (FORTH® compound of pinus and gray bark), respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Initial Growth of the Seedlings of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds of Different Ecotypes in Function on the Substrate

Silva¹,

Melo²,

Araújo³

et al. 2018

JAS

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“…Plants with quiescent responses temporarily intensify the activity of this enzyme, which decreases in the following days (Ismail, 2013). Similarly, ADH activity that intensified in the first few days in the submerged tissue of açaí palm was observed by Gonçalves et al (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Physiological Responses to Hypoxia and Manganese in Eucalyptus Clones with Differential Tolerance to Vale do Rio Doce Shoot Dieback

Harguindeguy

Castro

Novais

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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ABSTRACT:Vale do Rio Doce shoot dieback (VRDSD) is an anomaly whose cause seems to be associated with hypoxic conditions and their consequences (excess Mn and Fe) triggered by elevation of the water table in areas with poor drainage. Different plants have distinct survival strategies under this form of stress. The objective of this study was to understand the physiological responses involved in the differential tolerance of eucalyptus clones to VRDSD and their relationship to hypoxia and excess Mn. A hydroponic experiment was carried out using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, two eucalyptus clones with different levels of tolerance to VRDSD (sensitive Urograndis hybrid -1213; and the tolerant Rio Claro hybrid -Eucalyptus grandis x unknown -2719), two concentrations of O 2 (8 and 4 mg L -1 ), and two Mn concentrations (1.39 and 300 mg L -1 ) in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replicates. Forty-day-old clones were maintained in Clark nutrient solution for 30 days. After this period, the treatments were applied for 11 days. Plant gaseous exchange shoot and root production, and the quantity of enzymes related to oxidative stress in leaves and roots were evaluated. In the tolerant clone, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced under hypoxic conditions, accompanied by reduction in production of dry matter, malondialdehyde (MDA), and in activity of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). However, this clone had greater production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under these conditions, an enzyme responsible for detoxification of ROS, which acts as part of the Low Oxygen Quiescence Syndrome (LOQS). In contrast, sensitive clones did not exhibit expressive reductions in growth or changes in the leaf/root ratio. These clones formed large quantities of adventitious roots and had high levels of MDA and ADH and low levels of SOD. Therefore, sensitive clones appear not to be prepared for detoxification of ROS and other toxic metabolites, but rather adopt morphological escape mechanisms, the Low Oxygen Escape Syndrome (LOES), in response to hypoxia. Thus, the period of soil waterlogging may cause the death of large numbers of roots in sensitive clones, limiting their ability to absorb water and nutrients and culminating in the death of these plants. Excess Mn seems to aggravate the damage caused by hypoxia, but it is not the causal agent of VRDSD.

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“…ADH activity increased in Euterpe oleracea Mart. after two days of either total or partial flooding (GONÇALVES et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant activity and fermentative metabolism in the plant Erythrina crista-galli L. under flood conditions

et al. 2016

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This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of flood tolerance of the root system of Erythrina cristagalli L. plants by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress components in the leaves and roots. Additionally, the activity of fermentation enzymes in the roots was measured. The following two treatments were used: plants with flooded roots, which were maintained at a given water level above the soil surface, and non-flooded plants, which were used as the control. The measurements were performed at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after treatment. The following parameters were evaluated at each time-point: the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, the quantification of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content in the leaves, roots, and adventitious roots, and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in both the primary and adventitious roots. There was an increase in the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in the leaves to maintain stable H 2 O 2 levels, which reduced lipid peroxidation. In the roots, higher activity of all antioxidant enzymes was observed at up to 30 days of flooding, which favoured both reduced H 2 O 2 levels and lipid peroxidation. Activity of the fermentation enzymes was observed in the primary roots from the onset of the stress conditions; however, their activity was necessary only in the adventitious roots during the final periods of flooding. In conclusion, E. crista-galli L. depends on adventitious roots and particularly on the use of the fermentation pathway to tolerate flood conditions. Key words: Fabaceae. Hypoxia. Oxidative stress. Riparian forest. Tolerance. ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os mecanismos de tolerância ao alagamento de plantas de Erythrina crista-galli L., por meio da avaliação da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e fermentativas, assim como dos componentes do estresse oxidativo em folhas e raízes. Plantas oriundas de sementes foram cultivadas em vasos com capacidade para 0,5 litros em casa de vegetação e transferidas para vasos de cinco litros. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos: plantas alagadas nas raízes com a manutenção de uma lâmina de água acima da superfície do solo e plantas não alagadas (controle). As avaliações foram realizadas aos 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 dias após a indução dos tratamentos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso e os resultados obtidos submetidos à análise de variância e analisados por comparação de médias pelo Teste de Tukey. Em cada período foram avaliadas a atividade de superóxido dismutase, catalase, ascorbato peroxidase, quantificação da peroxidação lipídica e teores de peróxido de hidrogênio em folhas, raízes e raízes adventícias; a atividade das enzimas lactato desidrogenase, piruvato descarboxilase e álcool desidrogenase nas raízes principais e adventícias. Foi verificado um aumento na atividade das enzimas ascorbato peroxidase e catalase nas folhas para manter est...

show abstract

Physiological and biochemical characterization of the assai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) during seed germination and seedling growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Emergence and Initial Growth of the Seedlings of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds of Different Ecotypes in Function on the Substrate

Emergence and Initial Growth of the Seedlings of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds of Different Ecotypes in Function on the Substrate

Physiological Responses to Hypoxia and Manganese in Eucalyptus Clones with Differential Tolerance to Vale do Rio Doce Shoot Dieback

Antioxidant activity and fermentative metabolism in the plant Erythrina crista-galli L. under flood conditions

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