Vegetable biodiversity in Brazil accounts for almost 67% of the plants on the planet, which are part of studies with focus on determinants of food security and access to adequate and healthy food, while preserving natural resources. Studies indicate that Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is one of the most studied unconventional food crops because of its nutraceutical quality as antioxidant and prevention of hypertension and cancer. Although relevant, substrate and temperature information for seedling production of this species are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the best substrate and temperature for the vigor and germination test of H. sabdariffa seeds of the Talo Roxo and Rubra varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete design, in a 7 × 5 factorial arrangement, consisting of the combinations of seven substrates (paper towel, filter paper, vermiculite, between sand, on sand, plantmax® and compost) with five temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 and 20-30 °C), with four replicates with 50 seeds each. The following variables were evaluated: germination, germination speed index, seedling length and dry mass. For germination and vigor tests of Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Talo Roxo seeds the paper roll substrate is recommended at temperatures of 25 or 35 °C and for var. Rubra seeds, plantmax® at 25 °C and plantmax® and vermiculite at temperatures of 25 or 20-30 °C, respectively.
In Brazil, the assai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native palm of the Amazon biome, being exploited in an extractive and predatory way to obtain palm heart and processed pulp. In recent years, there has been an increase in the exploitation of commercial plantations in the country, since extractivism and management of native areas are not able to meet growing demand. In this way, companies of the sector and public institutions have invested in new technologies, such as the improvement of plants, which has increased the demand for good quality seeds, coming from natural ecotypes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate seeds of E. oleracea from three ecotypes regarding the emergence and initial growth of the seedlings in different substrates to guide future plant selection. Seed lots from three assai berry ecotypes were evaluated for water content, seedling emergence, first count, seedling emergence speed index, seedling length and dry mass. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four repetitions of 50 seeds, sown on different substrates. In the physiological characteristics of the seeds and seedlings, there are differences of the three E. oleracea ecotypes. These ecotypes make it possible to identify and select assai palm’s mother plants of Luiz Domingues (IG) and Maracanã (V) natives of areas of the igapó and várzea, respectively, as producers of better quality seeds and seedlings in an alternative substrate (composed of sand, agricultural soil and cattle manure in a proportion of 2:2:1) and, commercial substrate (FORTH® compound of pinus and gray bark), respectively.
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