Determinação de zinco em álcool combustível opr voltametria de redissolução anódica

Oliveira, Marcelo Firmino de; Saczk, Adelir Aparecida; Okumura, Leonardo Luiz; Stradiotto, Nelson Ramos

doi:10.1590/s0100-46702002000200013

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…8,9 Anodic stripping voltammetry was used for zinc determination. 10 The Brazilian Petroleum National Agency -ANP (Agência Nacional de Petróleo) establishes upper limit of 1, 4, and 2 mg/kg for chloride, sulfate, and sodium ions, respectively, in hydrated ethanol fuel. 11 The recommended techniques for the determination of chloride, sulfate, and sodium ions in this fuel sample are, respectively, potentiometry, precipitation titration, and atomic emission spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of inorganic ions in ethanol fuel by capillary electrophoresis

Muñoz¹,

Richter²,

Jesus³

et al. 2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O controle do conteúdo de íons inorgânicos em combustíveis veiculares tem uma importante função na manutenção do motor. Um método novo e versátil para análise rápida de íons em etanol é apresentado. Eletroforese capilar foi utilizada para quantificar cátions (sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e amônio) e ânions (sulfato, cloreto e nitrato). A injeção direta da amostra no capilar apresentou falta de repetibilidade nos resultados. A evaporação prévia do etanol, seguida pela resuspensão do material residual, levou a resultados confiáveis. Os limites de detecção para os oito íons estiveram na faixa de 0,06 a 0,18 mg L -1 . Limites de detecção inferiores podem ser obtidos com o aumento do tempo de injeção e/ou da pressão de injeção.The control of the content of inorganic ions in vehicular fuels plays an important role in the engine maintenance. A novel and versatile methodology to carry out rapid analysis of ions in ethanol is presented. Capillary electrophoresis was used to quantify cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ammonium) and anions (sulfate, chloride, and nitrate). The injection of the sample directly in the capillary shows some lack of repeatability of the results. The prior evaporation of the ethanol, followed by a re-suspension of the residual material, leads to reliable results. The detection limits of the eight ions range between 0.06 and 0.18 mg L -1. Lower detection limits could be attained by increasing the injection time and/or the injection pressure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of inorganic ions in ethanol fuel by capillary electrophoresis

Muñoz¹,

Richter²,

Jesus³

et al. 2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…No caso do álcool etílico combustível, a presença de metais como Zn, Cu, Pb e Cd originam-se na produção, armazenamento e transporte, constituindo uma contaminação inorgânica (OLIVEIRA et al, 2002;BERGAMINI et al, 2006).…”

Section: Hc (Hidrocarbonetos)unclassified

Emissão de metais por veículos automotores e seus efeitos à saúde pública

Silva¹

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Introduction. The presence of fine metal particles in the urban atmosphere is a big concern considering that a significant accumulation of these elements has been registered during the last decades. Information about metal level in the tailpipe is scarce and specific Brazilian emission references are basically inexistent. Objective. Experimentally characterize fine and coarse PM 10 particles and their metal constituents in the combustion exhaust of Otto and Diesel vehicles. Methods. Two Otto vehicles were essayed on a chassis dynamometer following a standard driving cycle using a sampling system in accordance with the NBR 6601 (2005); and two Diesel vehicles were essayed both in free acceleration tests according to the NBR 13037 (2001) standard and at idle rpm. The particles with diameter ≤10 µm were separated in the fine and coarse fractions by impaction in polycarbonate filters, and their elementary compositions were determined by X-ray spectrometry (PIXE). Results. The diesel vehicles presented a PM 10 particle average emission of 0,0207 g/m 3 , whereas the gasoline vehicle presented 0,411 mg/m 3 and the ethanol vehicle presented an average emission of 0,142 mg/m 3. The main metals identified in the emissions were Al, Si, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pt and Pb, with some variations in function of both the type of fuel and vehicle essayed. The average concentration of the fine fraction corresponded to more than 60% of the total concentration of PM 10 in the vehicle exhaust. Conclusion. The diesel vehicles are the highest particulate emitters, followed by the gasoline vehicles and ethanol vehicles in this order. The evaluation of the sampled particles alerts for the fact that for all of the three types of vehicles the major part of the particle emitted is in the fine fraction of particle size range. Considering that the metals identified by the analyses can penetrate in the human organism by adhering to fine particles. It is a fact that some metallic compounds in addition to presenting carcinogenic effects are also powerful allergen and sensitizer, it should be emphasized the need of in use vehicle emission control as a means of voiding harms to the population health.

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“…Neste sentido, o etanol, obtido a partir da cana de açúcar, é utilizado como um combustível alternativo no Brasil desde a década de 70 (OLIVEIRA et al, 2002;EYIDOGAN;OZSEZEN;CANAKCI, 2010), na forma hidratada, ou anidra quando misturado à gasolina, como estratégia na substituição do antidetonante chumbo tetraetila (MACEDO, 1998;ROSILLO-CALLE;CORTEZ 1998;VIEIRA et al, 2013). Embora, considerado por muitos, menos poluente que os combustíveis a base de petróleo, o etanol pode conter contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos (OLIVEIRA et al, 2002). Dentre os contaminantes inorgânicos, os elementos Cádmio (Cd), Chumbo (Pb) e Zinco (Zn) são metais de grande interesse, pois com exceção ao Zn, que em baixas concentrações é um micronutriente essencial (SANTOS et.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sensor de pasta de nanotubos de carbono modificado com filme de bismuto para determinação de íons metálicos em etanol combustível

et al. 2015

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In the present study an anodic stripping voltammetric method using a bismuth film modified carbon nanotubes paste electrode for simultaneous determination of metals Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ in ethanol fuel is described. The metallic ions were preconcentrated on the bismuth film in the time and deposition potential of 500 s and -1.2 V and the stripping step was carried out by square wave voltammetry (frequency of 15 Hz, pulse amplitude of 25 mV and potential step of 5 mV). Acetate buffer at 0.1 mol L -1 concentration and pH 4.5 was used as support electrolyte.

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Determinação de zinco em álcool combustível opr voltametria de redissolução anódica

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Determination of inorganic ions in ethanol fuel by capillary electrophoresis

Determination of inorganic ions in ethanol fuel by capillary electrophoresis

Emissão de metais por veículos automotores e seus efeitos à saúde pública

Sensor de pasta de nanotubos de carbono modificado com filme de bismuto para determinação de íons metálicos em etanol combustível

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