Variability of the 3' terminal of the polymerase gene of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 isolates from Vale do São Francisco, Brazil

Abstract

Many viral diseases, including leafroll, which is of great economic importance, affect grapevines (Vitis spp.). A complex of eight viruses [Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) -1 to 8] is associated with this disease. The objective of this study was to compare the variability of the 3' terminal region of the polymerase gene of three isolates of GLRaV-3 (Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3), from Submédio do Vale do Rio São Francisco (Petrolina-PE) with that of other isolates available at the GenBank, including an isolate from North America and another from Southern Brazil. The viral RNA was extracted from three infected ELISA reactive plants and a fragment of 340 bp was amplified, by RT-PCR, using primers that recognize that portion of the polymerase gene found between nucleotides 8267 and 8606. The three isolates from Vale do Rio São Francisco named Pet-1, Pet-2 and Pet-3, showed similarities ranging from 98% and 94%, respectively to the isolates from North America (AF037268) and Southern Brazilian (AF438411). Considering the whole genome, the main variation found was one amino acid change at position 2766 (F2766Y). These preliminary data indicate the existence of a natural variation among GLRaV-3 isolates from grapevines. This could be due to the vegetative propagation and long cycle of the plant, associated with the error-prone nature of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Variability of the coat protein gene of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 in Brazil

“…In a previous study, we were able to analyze the variability of the 3' terminal of the polymerase gene of the same GLRaV-3 isolates. We observed a lower frequency of substitutions in the deduced amino acid sequence of this gene (97.1-100% compared to NY1) (Fajardo et al, 2002;Dianese et al, 2005) when compared to the coat protein gene described in the present work. Higher conservation is probably explained by the functional activity of the polymerase gene, thus, variations could affect the fitness of the virus.…”