Produção de biodiesel através de transesterificação in situ de sementes de girassol via catálise homogênea e heterogênea

Gama, Paola E.; Gil, Rosane Aguiar da Silva San; Lachter, Elizabeth R.

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422010000900007

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Table 5 shows that the lowest oil levels and productivity were obtained in the row intercropping treatment, with 16.4 and 26.4% reductions, respectively, compared with the mean of the other forage systems, suggesting that this sowing method is not appropriate for intercropping with sunflowers. This result is relevant because sunflower oil is considered one of the best quality oils; therefore, the sunflower crop has gained popularity in agriculture because of its efficient oil extraction for biodiesel production (Gama et al, 2010). Therefore, selecting the correct sowing method in intercropping systems has an important effect on the final sunflower production.…”

Section: Sunflower Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and nutritional characteristics of sunflowers and paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems in the off season

Santos¹,

Costa²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

Biosci. J.

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ABSTRACT:The high efficiency of sunflowers in extracting water from the soil under water stress conditions is a factor that promotes sunflower cultivation in the offseason. Therefore, sunflowers have been intercropped with grasses of the Urochloa genus in crop-livestock integration systems. However, little is known of sowing methods for intercropping; thus, the present study aimed to assess sunflower agronomic traits and the production and nutritional characteristics of Paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems in the offseason in the midwest region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Goiás (Instituto Federal Goiano), Rio Verde Campus in a randomized block experimental design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: sunflower monocropped; Paiaguas palisadegrass monocropped; sunflower rows intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; sunflower inter-row intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass; and sunflower oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass. The results show that the sunflower rows intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass negatively affect the agronomic traits of sunflower; thus, inter-row sowing and oversowing are recommended. Sowing Paiaguas palisadegrass with oversown sunflower for forage production is hampered by intercropping and shows low forage production. In turn, the intercropped sowing method had no effect on the nutritional characteristics of the produced forage. Intercropping sunflowers with Paiaguas palisadegrass in the offseason has the potential to provide a promising cropping method for the production of achenes and after harvest enables the availability of forage with good nutritional value for use in the offseason in the midwest region of Brazil.

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Section: Sunflower Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and nutritional characteristics of sunflowers and paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems in the off season

Santos¹,

Costa²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

Biosci. J.

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“…Results similar were reported by Lobo et al (2012). Higher oil yields are important for biodiesel production (GAMA et al, 2010) in the Center-West region of Brazil, which favors sunflower cultivation in that region.…”

Section: Sunflower Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping of sunflower with Brachiaria brizantha cultivars during two sowing seasons in the interim harvest

Cruvinel

Costa

Silva

et al. 2017

SCA

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Intercropping of annual crops with tropical forages is an effective cultivation method to maximize grain production and pasture formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of sunflower and the productive and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars grown with intercropping during two different sowing seasons in the interim harvest of the Center-West region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás (GO), using a randomized block design with a 3x2+4 factorial scheme and three replicates per treatment. The following factors were tested: three Brachiaria brizantha cultivars (Marandu palisadegrass, Piata palisadegrass and Xaraes palisadegrass) grown with intercropping in the inter-row with the sunflower cultivar Charrua in two different sowing seasons (February and March); four additional treatments of sunflower; and the three tested Brachiaria brizantha cultivars grown in monoculture. Intercropping of sunflower with the Xaraes palisadegrass cultivar negatively affected the agronomic characteristics of sunflower, and intercropping with Marandu palisadegrass and Piata palisadegrass cultivars is recommended. Preference should be given to the Xaraes palisadegrass cultivar for forage production and to the Piata palisadegrass cultivar for the production of forage with higher nutritional value. Sowing in March led to the best sunflower agronomic characteristics, without affecting the productive and nutritional characteristics of the forages. Intercropping of sunflower with Brachiaria brizantha cultivars is therefore a promising cultivation method for the production of achenes and forage during the interharvest in the Center-West region of Brazil. Key words: Helianthus annuus L. integrated crop-livestock systems. ResumoO consórcio de culturas anuais e forrageiras tropicais na mesma área tem-se mostrado como técnica de cultivo eficaz para maximizar a produção de grãos e formação de pastagens. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas do girassol, bem como as características produtivas e nutricionais de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha consorciado com o girassol em duas épocas de semeadura, na safrinha na região Centro-Oeste. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Rio Verde-GO no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em esquema fatorial 3x2+4, sendo três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu; Piatã e Xaraés) consorciadas na entrelinha com o cultivar de girassol Charrua em duas épocas de semeadura (fevereiro e março), além de quatro tratamentos adicionais referentes aos monocultivos do girassol e dos três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o consórcio do girassol com o capim-xaraés afeta negativamente as características agronômicas do girassol, sendo mais recomendando o consórcio com os capins marandu e piatã. Quando se objetiva a produção de forragem, deve-se dar preferência para o uso do capim-xaraés, e para obtenç...

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“…17 In the literature, many studies have demonstrated that the GC technique can be applied to determine the content of FAME or FAEE in samples of B100 or in mixtures of diesel and biodiesel, 19 and it is also used to quantify other substances like the alcohol used in the reaction and also secondary products such as glycerol, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides. 1,2,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, due to the variety of raw materials 28,29 that can be employed for biodiesel production and the importance of its production in several countries, it is strategic to develop fast 30 and economically attractive methods, through modifications such as applying different column temperatures and lengths and the use of a different internal standard 23 exhibiting similar characteristics, but not present in biodiesel composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

Silva¹,

Melo²,

Wolf³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this study an analytical method, based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, using a short column and response factor (GCSCRF), was validated for the quantification of fatty acid alkyl esters (methylic or ethylic). During the validation process, the proposed method was employed to analyze twenty samples of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters. Biodiesel samples were produced from soybean oil and the validated method was found to be selective, being able to separate and identify every ester species present in the samples according to its carbon number. When the method was submitted to some variations in the sample preparation procedure, it remained robust. Limits of detection and quantification were 6.76 and 20.4 mg mL -1 , respectively. The suggested method also showed great precision when successive analyses were carried out for different analysts, with standard deviation (SD) 0.6 for repeatibility and relative standard deviation (RSD) percentage 7.3% for intermediate precision, excellent accuracy when compared to other reference methods (EN 14103 and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet dection (HPLC-UV)) and recovery studies.Keywords: biodiesel, gas chromatography, chromatografic column, response factor IntroductionThe growing energy crisis, caused by a high consumption of fossil fuels and environmental degradation, has influenced the development of renewable fuels as alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, produced by the transesterification or esterification of vegetable or animal oils and fats or fatty acids, in the presence of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, 1-3 is one of the most promising alternative fuels. Besides being renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable, biodiesel can be added to petrodiesel due to its similar physico-chemical properties. 4Pure biodiesel is represented by B100 (100% fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE)). However, in the case of biodiesel/petrodiesel blends the abbreviation BX indicates the percentage volume of B100 in these blends. 5 Nowadays, a B7 mixture (7% B100 and 93% diesel oil) is marketed in Brazil. 6 Biodiesel is composed of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or ethyl esters (FAEE). 7 The quantification of these esters is conducted using several analytical techniques, particularly gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).8-14 GC with flame ionization detection (FID) shows excellent selectivity in biodiesel analysis and is the main technique used for this purpose. 8,11,15,16 In Brazil, the production and use of biodiesel is regulated and supervised by the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Regulatory Agency (ANP) through Resolution No. 45/2014, 17 in which the European Standard EN1410318 is adopted for the determination of methyl esters by the GC technique. In this case, the external calibration method is used, based on a comparison of the analyte peak area with the peak area of some external standards, analyzed at different concentrations. 17In the ...

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Produção de biodiesel através de transesterificação in situ de sementes de girassol via catálise homogênea e heterogênea

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Production and nutritional characteristics of sunflowers and paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems in the off season

Production and nutritional characteristics of sunflowers and paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems in the off season

Intercropping of sunflower with Brachiaria brizantha cultivars during two sowing seasons in the interim harvest

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

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