Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia de análise de misturas biodiesel: diesel utilizando cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas

Faria, Rita C. M.; Rezende, Michelle J. C.; Rezende, Cláudia M.; Pinto, Ângelo C.

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422007000800020

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) or coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been the most common techniques for determination of methyl esters in biodiesel [7,24].…”

Section: Analysis Of Fatty Acids Of the Biodiesel By Gc-fidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Fatty Acids Present in Wastewaters from Production of Biodiesel Tilapia

Braga

Malveira

Milhome

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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Biodiesel obtained from oil extracted from the viscera of tilapia is a viable alternative in the replacement of petroleum fuels. However, during the purification step is performed biodiesel washing water is performed, which generates high effluent pollutant loads due to the reagents used and the very composition of the raw material. This study aims to characterize the fatty acids present in water from washing of the process of purifying biodiesel tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fatty acid compositions were determined using gas chromatography (GC-FID). The results showed that the fatty acids present in greater quantities in the effluent were lauric (C12: 0), followed by myristic (C14: 0), palmitic (C16: 0), oleic (C18: 1), stearic (C18: 0), linolenic (C18: 3), and linoleic (C18: 2) acids. Therefore, the levels of oil and grease found in the rinse water from washing of the oil biodiesel tilapia are far above the allowed values above; thus they do not comply with Brazilian federal regulations.

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Section: Analysis Of Fatty Acids Of the Biodiesel By Gc-fidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Fatty Acids Present in Wastewaters from Production of Biodiesel Tilapia

Braga

Malveira

Milhome

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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“…Biodiesel, produced by the transesterification or esterification of vegetable or animal oils and fats or fatty acids, in the presence of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, [1][2][3] is one of the most promising alternative fuels. Besides being renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable, biodiesel can be added to petrodiesel due to its similar physico-chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 In the literature, many studies have demonstrated that the GC technique can be applied to determine the content of FAME or FAEE in samples of B100 or in mixtures of diesel and biodiesel, 19 and it is also used to quantify other substances like the alcohol used in the reaction and also secondary products such as glycerol, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides. 1,2,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, due to the variety of raw materials 28,29 that can be employed for biodiesel production and the importance of its production in several countries, it is strategic to develop fast 30 and economically attractive methods, through modifications such as applying different column temperatures and lengths and the use of a different internal standard 23 exhibiting similar characteristics, but not present in biodiesel composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

Silva¹,

Melo²,

Wolf³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this study an analytical method, based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, using a short column and response factor (GCSCRF), was validated for the quantification of fatty acid alkyl esters (methylic or ethylic). During the validation process, the proposed method was employed to analyze twenty samples of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters. Biodiesel samples were produced from soybean oil and the validated method was found to be selective, being able to separate and identify every ester species present in the samples according to its carbon number. When the method was submitted to some variations in the sample preparation procedure, it remained robust. Limits of detection and quantification were 6.76 and 20.4 mg mL -1 , respectively. The suggested method also showed great precision when successive analyses were carried out for different analysts, with standard deviation (SD) 0.6 for repeatibility and relative standard deviation (RSD) percentage 7.3% for intermediate precision, excellent accuracy when compared to other reference methods (EN 14103 and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet dection (HPLC-UV)) and recovery studies.Keywords: biodiesel, gas chromatography, chromatografic column, response factor IntroductionThe growing energy crisis, caused by a high consumption of fossil fuels and environmental degradation, has influenced the development of renewable fuels as alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, produced by the transesterification or esterification of vegetable or animal oils and fats or fatty acids, in the presence of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, 1-3 is one of the most promising alternative fuels. Besides being renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable, biodiesel can be added to petrodiesel due to its similar physico-chemical properties. 4Pure biodiesel is represented by B100 (100% fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE)). However, in the case of biodiesel/petrodiesel blends the abbreviation BX indicates the percentage volume of B100 in these blends. 5 Nowadays, a B7 mixture (7% B100 and 93% diesel oil) is marketed in Brazil. 6 Biodiesel is composed of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or ethyl esters (FAEE). 7 The quantification of these esters is conducted using several analytical techniques, particularly gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).8-14 GC with flame ionization detection (FID) shows excellent selectivity in biodiesel analysis and is the main technique used for this purpose. 8,11,15,16 In Brazil, the production and use of biodiesel is regulated and supervised by the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Regulatory Agency (ANP) through Resolution No. 45/2014, 17 in which the European Standard EN1410318 is adopted for the determination of methyl esters by the GC technique. In this case, the external calibration method is used, based on a comparison of the analyte peak area with the peak area of some external standards, analyzed at different concentrations. 17In the ...

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“…The importance of these equations in monitoring the yield of transesterification with methanol is evident from their appearance in several works [17][18][19][20]. Correlations with NMR approaches have been studied in the monitoring of progressive transesterification of soybean and rapeseed oils only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Different Measurement Methods Using ¹H‐NMR Data for the Analysis of the Transesterification of Vegetable Oils

Andrade

Mazzei

Kaiser

et al. 2011

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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In the present work we make assessments of the correlation of equations based on 1 H-NMR data for the analysis of FAME in 45 transesterification products with methanol from several vegetable oils (soybean, corn, sunflower, canola, linseed, cottonseed and jatropha). The products employed in this study were of high and low yield. A comprehensive approach to the applicability, advantages and limitations of employing NMR expressions is described. A new expression to determine the degree of unsaturation of combined and free fatty acids was found to be satisfactory when compared with the classic expression. Estimates of uncertainties for classic equations, which have been used to determine yield and degree of unsaturation, were proposed in the present work. The results show that either one or both of the expressions for estimating yields could not be satisfactorily used for products from linseed oil, and also indicate the possibility that products from cottonseed oil may also be exceptions. Both the equations were found to be satisfactory for the products obtained from the other oils (soybean, corn, sunflower, canola and jatropha), considering the uncertainties proposed in the present work.

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Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia de análise de misturas biodiesel: diesel utilizando cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Characterization of the Fatty Acids Present in Wastewaters from Production of Biodiesel Tilapia

Characterization of the Fatty Acids Present in Wastewaters from Production of Biodiesel Tilapia

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

Assessment of Different Measurement Methods Using ¹H‐NMR Data for the Analysis of the Transesterification of Vegetable Oils

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Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia de análise de misturas biodiesel: diesel utilizando cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Characterization of the Fatty Acids Present in Wastewaters from Production of Biodiesel Tilapia

Characterization of the Fatty Acids Present in Wastewaters from Production of Biodiesel Tilapia

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

Assessment of Different Measurement Methods Using 1H‐NMR Data for the Analysis of the Transesterification of Vegetable Oils

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Assessment of Different Measurement Methods Using ¹H‐NMR Data for the Analysis of the Transesterification of Vegetable Oils