Contaminação ambiental por compostos organoestânicos

Godoi, Ana F. L.; Favoreto, R.; Santiago-Silva, Mary

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422003000500015

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…In addition to the presence of this harbor, the area is also heavily impacted by industrial and urban contaminants. In a previous study, 21 organotin contamination was detected in surface sediments, with a mean concentration of 482 ng Sn g -1 dry weight (1205 ng g -1 dry weight) for TBT. Based on these data, organisms from this region are suitable for assessments of toxicological risk.…”

Section: Application Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…[17][18][19] In Brazil, some recent studies have used gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection (GC-PFPD) to analyze BTs in both biotic and abiotic samples. 4,[20][21][22] For analysis of BTs by GC, it is necessary a derivatization step, for which the main used agents are Grignard reagent and sodium tetraethylborate. 2,23,24 In addition to the derivatization, the analytical procedure involves extraction using an apolar solvent (hexane or toluene) and a clean-up step using Florisil and silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,23,24 In addition to the derivatization, the analytical procedure involves extraction using an apolar solvent (hexane or toluene) and a clean-up step using Florisil and silica. 21 In order to develop a safe and reliable method, validation procedures are necessary. 25 The validation process involves the use of certified reference materials to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the method, as well as the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The injection volume was 2 mL (splitless, 1 min) and the carrier gas (hydrogen) was used at a flow rate of 1.7 mL min -1 . Since the PFPD response is closely dependent on several detector parameters, the optimization of the conditions for BT analysis included a purge flow closed for 60 s. 21 Chromatograms and area values were calculated by means of Varian Star 5.5 software. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BT standards have low volatility, so these standards were derivatized with Grignard reagent, following a derivatization method for TBT analysis in sediment samples by GC-PFPD, as reported in other studies on organotin analysis in Brazilian marine sediments. 4,21,27,28 For derivatization, 3 mL of Grignard reagent were added to 2 mL of the concentrated extract. The reaction was stopped after 20 min by adding 20 mL of ultrapure water, in an ice bath.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tributyltin in crustacean tissues: analytical performance and validation of method

Cristale

Santos

Sant’Anna

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O ermitão Clibanarius vittatus é um organismo típico de regiões intertidais estuarinas sendo considerado um possível bioindicador da presença de tributilestanho (TBT) nesses ambientes. Por esta razão, este estudo apresenta o desempenho analítico e a validação do método para quantificação de TBT em tecidos de C. vittatus por cromatografia gasosa com detector fotométrico de chama pulsante (GC-PFPD), após extração com solvente apolar (tolueno) e derivatização com reagente de Grignard. Os limites de detecção do método (LOD) foram 2,0 e 2,8 ng g -1 para TBT e DBT (dibutil estanho), respectivamente, e seus limites de quantificação (LOQ) 6,6 e 8,9 ng g -1 para TBT e DBT, respectivamente. O método foi aplicado em amostras do Estuário de Santos, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As concentrações de TBT e DBT variaram de 26,7-175,0 ng g -1 a 46,2-156,0 ng g -1 , respectivamente. As concentrações encontradas saopreocupantes uma vez que efeitos tóxicos (tais como a alteração endócrina) têm sido relatados em outros organismos, mesmo em níveis inferiores aos registrados no presente estudo.The hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus is a typical organism from intertidal regions being considered as a good bioindicator of tributyltin presence at these environments. Thus this study presents the analytical performance and validation method for TBT quantification in tissues of C. vittatus by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) after extraction with an apolar solvent (toluene) and Grignard derivatization. The limits of detection of the method (LOD) were 2.0 and 2.8 ng g -1 for TBT and DBT (dibutyltin), respectively, and its limits of quantification (LOQ) were 6.6 and 8.9 ng g -1 for TBT and DBT, respectively. The method was applied to samples from Santos Estuary, São Paulo State, Brazil. TBT and DBT concentrations ranged from 26.7 to 175.0 ng g -1 and from 46.2 to 156.0 ng g -1 , respectively. These concentrations are worrisome since toxic effects (such as endocrine disruption) have been reported for other organisms even under lower levels of registred at this study.Keywords: crustaceans, organotin, tributyltin (TBT), gas chromatography IntroductionButyltin compounds (BTs), members of the class of organometallic contaminants, are found in coastal regions worldwide because they were used in antifouling paints for many years. [1][2][3] In spite of the total worldwide ban proposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in January 2008, these compounds are still found in different environmental compartments of aquatic systems. 4 Their toxic effects are observed in many species because tributyltin (TBT) can induce an endocrine disruption process known as imposex. 5 This effect in mollusks has been well documented. [6][7][8] Other effects caused by TBT include shell malformation in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, suppressed Tributyltin in Crustacean Tissues: Analytical Performance and Validation of Method J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 40 growth in the centric diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pse...

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Section: Application Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tributyltin in crustacean tissues: analytical performance and validation of method

Cristale

Santos

Sant’Anna

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Effects of tributyltin exposure in hermit crabs: Clibanarius vittatus as a model

Sant’Anna¹,

Santos²,

Marchi³

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Tributyltin (TBT) contamination affects the reproductive system of many species of invertebrates worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of exposure to TBT pollution on the reproduction of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus. An orthogonal experiment was designed with two treatments: contamination (with or without TBT in the food) and crab sex (males and females). The animals were reared in the laboratory for nine months, and macroscopic and histological analyses of reproductive organs were carried out after the end of the experiment. Tributyltin was recorded in exposed crabs, but no morphological alterations were detected in the gonads of males, regardless of whether they were exposed to TBT. In contrast, females exposed to TBT displayed disorganization and atrophy of their ovaries, thus directly affecting reproduction in this hermit crab species. This effect observed in female hermit crabs may harm populations located in harbor regions, where TBT concentration is high, even after the worldwide TBT ban.

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Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas

Castro

Perina

Fillmann

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Organotin compounds (OTs) were used in antifouling paints for more than four decades. However, due to their widespread intensive use and high toxicity, undesirable effects in non-target marine organisms have been detected since the early 1980s. Consequently, the International Maritime Organization banned new maritime applications of these products on January 1, 2003 and their presence on ship hulls from January 1, 2008. Although extensively studied in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia, environmental levels and effects of organotin contamination are still poorly known for South America. Thus, the current review aimed to present the actual status of this problem in South America by summarizing and comparing the available data in the literature. An overview of the OTs concentrations in sediment and biota and their effects, mainly imposex in marine gastropods, are presented. This work showed that in Atlantic coastal areas of South America there are "hot spots" of OTs contamination, similar to that observed in industrialized countries of Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand, the number of accomplished studies in the Pacific coast is extremely low. Despite the limitation on studies about OTs environmental levels and their related effects, the available data pointed out for a widespread TBT contamination along the South American coastal areas. Therefore, the establishment of baselines of organotin contamination in the Pacific coast and the implementation of temporal trend studies in the South American coastal areas is crucial to verify the effectiveness of local regulations and OTs global ban, and to map the most sensitive areas related to present and future antifouling impacts.

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Contaminação ambiental por compostos organoestânicos

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

Tributyltin in crustacean tissues: analytical performance and validation of method

Tributyltin in crustacean tissues: analytical performance and validation of method

Effects of tributyltin exposure in hermit crabs: Clibanarius vittatus as a model

Organotin contamination in South American coastal areas

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