Tributyltin in crustacean tissues: analytical performance and validation of method

Abstract

O ermitão Clibanarius vittatus é um organismo típico de regiões intertidais estuarinas sendo considerado um possível bioindicador da presença de tributilestanho (TBT) nesses ambientes. Por esta razão, este estudo apresenta o desempenho analítico e a validação do método para quantificação de TBT em tecidos de C. vittatus por cromatografia gasosa com detector fotométrico de chama pulsante (GC-PFPD), após extração com solvente apolar (tolueno) e derivatização com reagente de Grignard. Os limites de detecção do método (LOD) foram 2,0 e 2,8 ng g -1 para TBT e DBT (dibutil estanho), respectivamente, e seus limites de quantificação (LOQ) 6,6 e 8,9 ng g -1 para TBT e DBT, respectivamente. O método foi aplicado em amostras do Estuário de Santos, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As concentrações de TBT e DBT variaram de 26,7-175,0 ng g -1 a 46,2-156,0 ng g -1 , respectivamente. As concentrações encontradas saopreocupantes uma vez que efeitos tóxicos (tais como a alteração endócrina) têm sido relatados em outros organismos, mesmo em níveis inferiores aos registrados no presente estudo.The hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus is a typical organism from intertidal regions being considered as a good bioindicator of tributyltin presence at these environments. Thus this study presents the analytical performance and validation method for TBT quantification in tissues of C. vittatus by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) after extraction with an apolar solvent (toluene) and Grignard derivatization. The limits of detection of the method (LOD) were 2.0 and 2.8 ng g -1 for TBT and DBT (dibutyltin), respectively, and its limits of quantification (LOQ) were 6.6 and 8.9 ng g -1 for TBT and DBT, respectively. The method was applied to samples from Santos Estuary, São Paulo State, Brazil. TBT and DBT concentrations ranged from 26.7 to 175.0 ng g -1 and from 46.2 to 156.0 ng g -1 , respectively. These concentrations are worrisome since toxic effects (such as endocrine disruption) have been reported for other organisms even under lower levels of registred at this study.Keywords: crustaceans, organotin, tributyltin (TBT), gas chromatography IntroductionButyltin compounds (BTs), members of the class of organometallic contaminants, are found in coastal regions worldwide because they were used in antifouling paints for many years. [1][2][3] In spite of the total worldwide ban proposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in January 2008, these compounds are still found in different environmental compartments of aquatic systems. 4 Their toxic effects are observed in many species because tributyltin (TBT) can induce an endocrine disruption process known as imposex. 5 This effect in mollusks has been well documented. [6][7][8] Other effects caused by TBT include shell malformation in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, suppressed Tributyltin in Crustacean Tissues: Analytical Performance and Validation of Method J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 40 growth in the centric diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pse...

Distribution of butyltin compounds in Brazil’s southern and southeastern estuarine ecosystems: assessment of spatial scale and compartments

“…The analysis of the BTs followed Santos et al (2013) and Godoi et al (2003), for sediments and SPM, and Cristale et al (2012), for fish tissues. The steps for this analysis included extraction using an acid (acetic acid) and a nonpolar solvent (toluene) followed by derivatization using Grignard reagent and a cleanup step using alumina or Florisil®.…”

Evaluation of analytical calibration based on least-squares linear regression for instrumental techniques: A tutorial review

“…This approach was also 3 included in a validation paper published by Huber [56], and then sometimes is 4 termed in the literature as Huber's linearity test [57]. In this method, the sensitivity is 5 easy to calculate as the ratio between the individual response values and the 6 corresponding concentrations.…”

Ultrastructural changes during spermatogenesis, biochemical and hormonal evidences of testicular toxicity caused by TBT in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

“…In our previous study, TBT showed significant inhibition in organogenesis as well as embryonic development in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) (Revathi and Munuswamy, ). Crustaceans are also generally used as environmental indicators of organotin pollution (Cristale et al, ). As a result of endocrine disruptor, there are numerous examples of male related reproductive abnormalities observed in vertebrates.…”