Evaluation of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) Seedlings

Abstract

-Choosing a substrate is the determinant factor for the seedling producer; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three treatments and five replicates of 72 seeds per plot. The treatments consisted of the following substrates: coconut fiber, vermiculite and Plantmax ® Citrus. The number of emerged seedlings was weekly counted for 105 days. Data regarding seedling height were obtained, and the emergence velocity index and mean time, besides total emergence percentage and that over time were calculated. Results from total mean emergence percentage, seedling height, emergence velocity index (EVI), and mean emergence time (MET) were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey's test at 5% significance. The curves concerning the emergence percentage over time were fit by the logistic growth equation for each treatment and the means of each parameter (A, B, C) were compared by the Duncan's test at 5% significance. The substrates vermiculite led to the highest values of emergence percentage differing from the PlantMax ® Citrus, but not of the coconut fiber, however the vermiculite promoted seedling height in a shorter time; therefore, this substrate is recommended for the initial development of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings.

Protected environments and substrates for production of genipap seedlings

“…Inside the greenhouse the substrate S4 promoted seedlings with greater MET than substrates S2 and S3 (Table 4). Baron et al (2011) reported that vermiculite provides a faster emergence rate and consequently lower MET for Araticum-de-Terra-Fria (Rollinia sp.). In the present study, Table 3 -Analysis of variance with the calculated F, coefficient of variation and ratio between the highest and lowest mean square residue for emergency velocity index (EVI), emergence percentage (EP), mean emergence time (MET), mean emergence rate (MER), plant height (PH) and leaf number (LN) at 63 (AP1, NF1), 78 (AP2: NF2), 93 (AP3; NF3), 108 (AP4; NF4) and 123 (AP5) days after sowing, stem diameter (SD), dry mass of the shoot part (DMAP), dry mass of the root system (DMRS), total dry mass (TDM), ratio of height to diameter (RHD), ratio of shoot dry mass to root dry mass (RDM), ratio of plant height to shoot m a s s ( R H D M ) a n d D i c k s o n q u a l i t y i n d e x ( D Q I ) o f g e n i p a p .…”

UGP gene expression and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase enzymatic activity in grafting annonaceous plants

“…The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botany Department, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (altitude 850 m). Seeds of three rootstocks araticum-de-terra-fria, araticum-mirim, biribá and atemoya were sown in polystyrene trays containing vermiculite, according to Baron et al (2011). When the seedlings developed fully expanded leaves, they were transplanted to plastic pots (approximately 17 dm 3 ) containing a mixture substrate with fertile soil, textured vermiculite and coconut fibre.…”

Gas exchanges in annonaceae species under different crop protections

“…Seeds from 'araticum-de-terra-fria', 'araticum-mirim' and 'biribá' species along with hybrid atemoya were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (1%) and CAPTAN ® fungicide (DELIOPOULOS et al, 2010). Thereafter, seeds were sown in polystyrene trays filled with vermiculite (BARON et al, 2011), until their emergence. The first fully expanded leaves above the third node of the epicotyls, or third node nomofile, were named seedlings with ± 10 cm in length, and then transplanted to plastic bags with a capacity of 5dm 3 , containing a mixture of fertile soil texture vermiculite medium texture + coconut fiber medium texture + decomposed pine bark medium texture (1:1:1:1, v/v).…”