Estudo comparativo da polinização de Mangifera indica L. em cultivo convencional e orgânico na região do Vale do Submédio do São Francisco

Abstract

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLLINATION OF Mangifera indica L. IN CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC CROPS IN THE REGION OF THE SUBMÉDIO SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEYABSTRACT-This study was carried out in 2005 and 2006, in a commercial mango Tommy Atkins plantation on Frutex Farm, in Petrolina-PE. The objective was to verify the floral biology as well as the comparative study of behaviour, the frequency and the seasonality of the floral visitors in both organic and conventional crops. The mango tree inflorescences present male and hermaphrodite flowers (2:1), with predominance of the first ones in the basis of the panicles. The anthesis is diurnal, asynchronic, with liberation of strong and sweat odour. The flowers present dicogamy, characterized by the anthers dehiscence 24 hours after the anthesis. The nectar production is continuous and in small amounts, on an average of 0,045μL/flower. Concerning the flower visitors, 21 species were registered, belonging to the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Odonata. Apis mellifera was the most frequent visitant in both types of crops. Among the Diptera, Belvosia bicincta (17,7%) and Musca domestica (10,2%) were the most frequent visitors in conventional and organic crops, respectively. The diversity and number of visitors were higher in the organic crop. The use of agrotoxics during the flowering period reduced the visit of bees (50%) and Diptera (20%). Because of its behaviour, frequency and active movement in the inflorescences, Apis mellifera was considered as the most efficient pollinator of the crop for the region of the São Francisco Submédio Valley.

Avaliação do padrão de visitação de Apis mellifera em três cultivares de meloeiro, em Petrolina-PE, Brasil

“…Já a coleta de pólen se concentra no periodo da manhã, quando esse recurso é mais abundante, concordando com Holanda et al (2000a e b). Comportamento semelhante foi registrado por Siqueira et al (2008) na cultura da mangueira na região do Vale do São Francisco.…”

Comparação do padrão de floração e de visitação do meloeiro do tipo amarelo em Juazeiro-BA¹

“…No período de 9 h às 11h foi observado um decréscimo no número de abelhas exclusivamente com pólen do meloeiro, e aumento dos insetos com carga mista ou sem carga polínica, sendo que, no horário das 13h, 100% das abelhas coletadas não apresentavam pólen. Esses resultados reforçam o padrão observado na visitação (Figura 3) e concordam com o padrão registrado para outras cucurbitáceas (KAZAFY et al, 2009) e outras frutí-feras (SIQUEIRA et al, 2008).…”

Outcrossing rate between 'Haden' and 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes estimated using microsatellite and AFLP markers

“…The flowers show dichogamy, characterized by the anthers dehiscence 24 hours after the anthesis. According to Jison & Hedstron (1985), the mango flower structure is totally adapted to cross pollinization, and Apis mellifera, Belvosia bicincta, and Musca domestica are the most frequent insect visitors to 'Tommy Atkins' in the São Francisco valley (Siqueira et al, 2008).…”