DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CALOS EM EXPLANTES DE CUPUAÇUZEIRO (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) EM FUNÇÃO DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE AUXINAS E DO MEIO LÍQUIDO

Abstract

, ANDRÉA ALMEIDA CARNEIRO 5 e CARLOS FERREIRA DAMIÃO FILHO 6 RESUMO -Objetivou-se estudar o efeito da concentração de auxina e do meio líquido sobre o desenvolvimento de calos de cupuaçuzeiro. Segmentos de eixos embrionários e cotilédones, obtidos de frutos de cupuaçu dos tipos Mamorana e Redondo, foram cultivados em 4 meios de cultura diferentes: 1) meio MS (50%), suplementado com 2,4-D (1; 2; 4; 8 mg/L); 2) sais N6 (SIGMA) (4 g/L), acrescidos de 2,4-D (0; 2; 4 mg/L) e ANA (0; 3; 5 mg/L); 3) igual ao anterior, suplementado apenas com ANA (3 mg/L); e 4) meio MS, acrescido com ANA (1 mM). Calos com aspecto branco e brilhante foram observados em segmentos de eixos embrionários e cotilédones, cultivados nas menores concentrações de meio 1 (1 e 2 mg/L), enquanto nas maiores concentrações (4 e 8 mg/L) se observou a formação de calos e massa calosa branco-opaca, em eixos embrionários e em segmentos cotiledonares, estas estruturas tornaram-se escuras dentro de oito semanas. Usando o meio 2, um grande número de raízes foram formadas, enquanto o mesmo meio suplementado apenas com ANA (3; 5 mg/L) originou uma massa calosa. A combinação de ANA e 2,4-D, 3 e 2 mg/L, respectivamente, promoveu a formação de calos brancos e raízes. A transferência das culturas para meio líquido, sem regulador de crescimento, promoveu aumento de tamanho dos explantes e escurecimento dos mesmos. O cultivo desses explantes no meio 3 resultou no aparecimento de calos amarelos, com aspecto friável, que permaneceram com a mesma aparência no meio 4.Termos para indexação: cultura de tecidos, calos, auxina, Theobroma grandiflorum. DEVELOPMENT OF CUPUASSU CALLI (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum. ) IN FUNTION OF AUXIN CONCENTRATION AND LIQUID MEDIUMABSTRACT -It was studied the effect of auxin concentration and liquid medium on the development of cupuassu calli. Cupuassu embryonic axes segments and cotyledons, from kinds Mamorana and Redondo, were cultivated in four different culture media : 1) MS medium (50%) supplemented with 2,4-D (1; 2; 4; 8 mg/L); 2) N6 salts (SIGMA) (4 g/L) supplemented with 2,4-D (0; 2; 4 mg/L) and NAA (0; 3; 5 mg/L); 3) similar to the previous medium supplemented only with NAA (3 mg/L) and, 4) MS medium, supplemented with NAA (1 mM). Calli with white and bright aspect were observed in embryonic axes and cotyledons, cultivated in the smallest concentrations of medium 1 (1 and 2 mg/L), while in the largest concentrations (4 and 8 mg/L) opaque white calli and calli mass were formed in embryonic axes and in cotyledons segments, these structures became brownish within eight weeks. Using medium 2, a great number of roots were formed, while this same medium supplemented only with NAA (3; 5 mg/L) originated a calli mass. . The presence of NAA and 2,4-D, 3 and 2 mg/L respectively, promoted the formation of white calli and roots. The transfer of the explants to liquid medium, without growth regulator, promoted an increase of explants size and browning of them. The cultivation of those explants in medium 3 resulted in the formation of yellow...

Tissue Culture Techniques for Native Amazonian Fruit Trees

“…The MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D promoted the formation of large callus. Similar results were found by [24], studying the effect of auxin concentration and liquid medium on the development of calluses cupuaçu. The authors observed that the combination of NAA and 2,4-D induced callus formation and root formation in hypocotyl segments, and coconut water in medium without growth regulators favored the rooting and callus formation.…”

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Seedling Production of CUPUAÇUZEIRO (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.)

“…It belongs to the family Malvacea and is considered one of the most attractive fruit trees of the Amazon region, because it has a pulp of flavor and aroma appreciated, being used in the manufacture of various products such as juices, jellies, liqueurs, compotes, creams, sweets, ice creams, among others [1]. With the increase of consumption in the last decades, the cultivation of the Cupuaçu tree has expanded to other Brazilian regions, leaving the extractive exploitation over past, because it is in the process of domestication [2] [3]. In the commercial plant of Cupuaçu seedlings propagated sexually or by the vegetative route are used, through the grafting.…”