Agronomic characterization of high-yielding irrigated barley accessions in the Cerrado

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic, phenotypic, and environmental parameters of 113 barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare), previously selected based on high yield, in an irrigated production system in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna), for use in breeding programs in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2013 at two sites in the Federal District, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The evaluated traits were: grain yield, kernel plumpness, thousand grain weight, plant height, lodging, and days to heading. Significant differences were observed between environment and accessions for all studied traits, as well as genotype x environment interaction. The MCU 3832 PI 402310, MCU 3484 PI 401962, CI 08053 Custer, MCU 3634 PI 402112, and MCU 3816 PI 402294 accessions stood out regarding grain yield and kernel plumpness. It is possible to obtain high selection gains with high heritability values. However, indirect selection is not recommended in the experimental conditions due to the low genotypic and phenotypic correlations obtained. It is also possible to select barley accessions with high yield and early heading date simultaneously, an important factor in the genotype selection process for future experiments. The accessions from Colombia are the most adapted to the Cerrado conditions.

Genetic parameters and agronomic characterization of hulless barley accessions under irrigation in the savanna

“…The average DH for the witnesses was 61.7 days (CPAC) and 65.3 days (SPM), while the means for the hulless barley accessions were 63.1 days (CPAC) and 64.6 days (SPM) ( Table 4). At CPAC and SPM, 15 out of 21 genotypes had DH ranging from 63.0 and 67.0 days, corroborating with the data presented by Amabile et al (2017), Sayd et al (2017) and Monteiro et al (2018).…”

“…At CPAC, the genotype with the highest TSW was CI 07650 (52.0 g) being grouped with the CN Cerrado 2 (50.8 g), witness 164321 (50.7 g) and CN Cerrado 1 (50.3 g). Accessions showing the lowest weight were also similar to one covered accession, however they presented lower values to the ones reported by Amabile et al (2017) and similar values to the study performed by Sayd et al (2017) using elite materials in the Savanna.…”

“…Some genotypes reached a height above the expected, which was 80 to 90 cm, such as CI 13453 (112.3 cm) and CI 07650 (111.0 cm). This variation at SPM ranged from 82.7 cm (CN Cerrado 1) to 104.0 cm (CI 09459) (Table 3), being also verified by Amabile et al (2017) and Sayd et al (2017).…”

“…As for the genotypes studied at SPM, CI 09969 showed the highest value for TSW (53.7 g), being very close to the weight Monteiro et al (2018) found when studying hulless barley. However, the lowest values (14.2 g for CI 09459 and 22.4 g for CI 14150) showed to be higher when compared to genotypes studied at CPAC and inferior to the means reported by Amabile et al (2017) and Sayd et al (2017). Although there was a significant variation of hulless barley genotypes, in average they showed an adequate weight to the expected pattern, which is, being 7% to 13% lighter than the covered barley (Table 3).…”

“…As for trait Grain Yield at CPAC, hulless barley genotypes showed an average of 3.576 kg ha -1 , being higher than the mean presented by covered genotypes used in the current study (3.358 kg ha -1 ). Several studies have mentioned a higher EGY in covered barley when compared to hulless Sayd et al, 2017) however, there is certainly a huge genetic variability among the hulless barley accessions, enabling the selection and development of cultivars which productivity is close to covered barley grain accessions. The hulless barley genotype that showed the highest EGY at CPAC was Ethiopian PI 356466 (6.639 kg ha -1 ), which clustered separated from all other genotypes, and close to the the Brazilian genotype CN Cerrado 4 (5.551 kg ha -1 ).…”