Toxicity of neem oil to Bemisia tabaci biotype B nymphs reared on dry bean

Pinheiro, Patrícia Valle; Quintela, E. D.; Oliveira, Jaison Pereira de; Seraphin, José Carlos

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2009000400004

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Pinheiro et al (2009) proved that LC 50 value of neem oil to B. tabaci nymphs was altered due to tested instar being that the concentration 0.5% (2 x the LC 50 value to first-instar nymphs), caused only 33.8 % of mortality in third-instar nymphs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Efficiency of neem oil nanoformulations to Bemisia tabaci (GENN.) Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

et al. 2012

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The nanotechnology, through encapsulation of active ingredients, has showed an important way to avoid problems with quickly degradation of the pesticide molecules. Thus, neem (Azadirachta indica) oil nanoformulations containing β-ciclodextrin and poli-ε-caprolactone (PCL) were tested as to their control efficiency against eggs and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B reared in soybean. The Lethal Concentration (LC 50 ) was estimated using a commercial neem oil (Organic Neem ® ) on firstinstar nymphs to establish the adequate volume of the nanoformulations per treatment. After that, they were sprayed on eggs and first-instar nymphs in laboratory and greenhouse and on third-instar nymphs in greenhouse. The commercial neem oil and distilled water were used as controls. Egg viability was not affected by any treatment. Among six nanoformulations, only one was efficient against the firstinstar nymphs in laboratory conditions. However, its effective period was not increased as expected. In greenhouse, first-instar nymphs were more affected by two nanoformulations which were significantly different of the commercial neem oil -the most effective one. No mortality differences among the formulations in the third-instar test were observed. The nanoformulations were less efficient to control the B. tabaci biotype B nymphs than the commercial neem oil. Key words: Whitefly, botanical pesticide, nanotechnology, β-ciclodextrin, poli-ε-caprolactone ResumoA nanotecnologia, através do encapsulamento de ingredientes ativos, tem-se revelado uma importante estratégia para evitar problemas com a rápida degradação de moléculas inseticidas. Assim, nanoformulações à base de óleo de nim (Azadirachta indica) utilizando os polímeros β-ciclodextrina e poli-ε-caprolactona (PCL) foram testadas quanto a sua eficiência de controle de ovos e ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B mantidas em soja. Foi estimada a CL 50 utilizando uma formulação comecial de óleo de nim (Organic Neem ® ) sobre ninfas em 1º ínstar da qual se estipulou o volume das nanoformulações a serem utilizadas por tratamento. Depois disso, os tratamentos foram aplicados sobre ovos e ninfas de 1º ínstar em laboratório e em casa de vegetação e sobre ninfas de 3º ínstar em casa de vegetação. O óleo comercial e água destilada foram utilizados como controles. A viabilidade dos ovos não foi afetada por qualquer dos tratamentos. Das seis formulações testadas, somente uma delas mostrouse eficiente para ninfas de 1º ínstar em condições de laboratório, embora não tenha apresentado aumento

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Efficiency of neem oil nanoformulations to Bemisia tabaci (GENN.) Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

et al. 2012

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“…Abbasi et al (2004) reported the absence of neem oil toxicity to tomato plants. For other crops, neem toxicity has been variable (Xuan et al 2004, Carneiro et al 2007, Pinheiro et al 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative control of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato plants grown in greenhouses

Soto¹,

Venzon²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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-Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard is an important pest of solanaceous plants, including tomatoes. This mite is characterized by a high reproductive rate, which leads to high population growth in a short period of time causing important economic damage. Control of T. evansi is mainly through synthetic acaricides. In searching for environmentally friendly control measures, we evaluated the effi ciency of alternative products to control T. evansi on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. The products tested were lime sulphur and neem based products. We fi rst estimated the lethal concentration (LC) and instantaneous rate of increase (r i ) of T. evansi exposed to different product concentrations in laboratory conditions, and later tested the effi cacy of LC 95 and the concentrations that restrained mite population growth (r i = 0) in greenhouse conditions. The following treatments were repeated three times: NeemPro (81.0 and 71.6 mg a.i./l), Natuneem (31.1 and 20.4 mg ai/l), Organic Neem (39.1 and 30.4 mg a.i./l), lime sulphur (1.0 and 0.6%) and water (control). For all products, control provided by LC 95 was higher than provided for lower concentrations (r i = 0) one day after spraying. However, after fi ve days, for both concentrations, the percentage of T. evansi population reduction was superior to 95% and increased over time. Only plants sprayed with Natuneem (31.1 mg a.i./l) showed symptoms of phytotoxicity. Lime sulphur and neem based products, applied in appropriate concentrations and formulations, bear out as a viable alternative to control T. evansi on tomato plants.KEY WORDS: Acari, Azadirachta indica, lime sulphur, effi ciency, phytotoxicityThe tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, is an important pest of solanaceous plants, especially tomatoes (Flechtmann 1983, Bonato 1999, Ferragut & Escudero 2002. This mite is characterized by a high reproductive capacity, which leads to high population levels in a short time, causing important economic damage (Moraes & McMurtry 1986). Additionally, the mite produces large quantities of webs on the infested plants, hampering the action of natural enemies (Gerson 1985, Sabelis & Bakker 1992. The control of T. evansi in tomato is done mainly with application of synthetic pesticides. Despite its relative effi ciency, chemical control has several negative impacts as the selection of resistant individuals due to the continuous use of certain active ingredients, the reduction or elimination of benefi cial species, the high toxicity of products to applicators, and the presence of residues in food (Picanço et al 2007, Maniania et al 2008.A viable alternative to the problems arising from excessive use of synthetic pesticides in tomato production is the use of methods that provide control with social and environmental safety. In the search for such methods, natural enemies are being evaluated as biological control agents of T. evansi (Wekesa et al 2005, Furtado et al 2007, Brito et al 2009. Another strategy that has been used where con...

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“…Several essential oil-based products derived from the different plant species such as, Azadirachta indica A. Jass. (Meliaceae), (Pinheiro et al 2009…”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, different formulations of essential oils and surfactants were used against silverleaf whitefly, B biotype developmental stages. Because of the effectiveness of essential oils as repellents, anti-feedants, ovipositing deterrents or lethal agents (Farghaly et al 2009;Pinheiro et al 2009), they can be used as alternatives to conventional insecticides. In addition, the surfactants are mainly used as emulsifiers, solubilizers, wetting and cleaning agents (McDonnell and Russell 1999).…”

Section: Synergismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there are several entomopathogenic fungi produced commercially and applied against whitefly, such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo ® ), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus ( Trichocomaceae) (Bemisin ® ) (Wraight et al 2000) and Verticillium lacanii (Mycotal ® ) (Korolev and Gindin 1999). Saccharopolyspora spinosa ( At present, several types of plant derived biochemical biopesticides have been tested against the whitefly species and shown some interesting results (Choi et al 2003;Farghaly et al 2009;Pinheiro et al 2009;Ahmed et al 2011;Aly et al 2011;Jafarbeigi et al 2011;Liu at al. 2014;Fanela et al 2015;Deletre et al 2016).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

Obaidoon¹

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The toxicity of 30 botanical products and mixtures were evaluated using preliminary bioassay tests to find out their overall effectiveness against the developmental stages of silverleaf whitefly (SLW) Bemisia tabaci, B biotype, (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Effective formulations were prepared to be tested in replicated experiments against the egg, nymphal and adult stages of SLW.From the results, mustard oil showed an ovicidal effect, lauryl glucoside, a surfactant, had produced high mortalities against the nymphal stages whereas monoethanolamine, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (cellosolve acetate) and laureth -7ethylene oxide-carboxylate (laureth carboxylate) had produced high to moderate level of adulticidal effects. Three formulations were prepared from those effective products and then used in replicated experiments testing their lethal (toxicity) and sublethal (repellency and oviposition deterrent) effects against SLW. Additionally, trials were conducted to investigate their impacts on one of the main SLW parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich and Rose) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).Leaf dipping and spraying methods were used to assess the toxicity effects of the products, and choice and no choice repellence tests were used to determine the repellence index (RI) and oviposition deterrent index (ODI). A glass -slide bioassay was used to determine the lethal effects of the formulations against the SLW parasitoid. Different ranges of the tested rates of the formulations were prepared starting from 0.001% v/v to 10% v/v to investigate the proper effective rates that provide sufficient mortality rates of the developmental stages of SLW.After promising results of the mixture containing mustard oil and liquid soap, replicated experiments were conducted against each developmental stage of SLW. When tested on eggs, at a concentration of 0.25%, mortality was 95.8%, whereas the mortality percentages were 43% and 50% at tested rates of the mixture at 0.1% and 0.05%, respectively. Mustard oil evaluated against nymphal stages was effective at a rate of 0.25% and above against young and old nymphs (86.4% and 47.4% mortality, respectively). Tests against the adult stage at 0.25% and 0.5% resulted in low mortality; 34.0% and 37.0%, respectively. However, at 1% and above mortality was high (94.17% at 1%).On the basis of these results, three formulations were prepared: formulation one (F1) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and cellosolve acetate, formulation three (F3) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, laureth carboxylate and monoethanolamine and formulation four (F4) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and monoethanolamine. These formulations were evaluated at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.44%.ii 0.69%, 1% and 1.23%). The formulations had an effective impact on the eggs of SLW, disrupting the embryogenesis process of the eggs. These formulations also affected all nymphal instars.However, the tested rates did not show sufficient effects...

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Toxicity of neem oil to Bemisia tabaci biotype B nymphs reared on dry bean

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Efficiency of neem oil nanoformulations to Bemisia tabaci (GENN.) Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Efficiency of neem oil nanoformulations to Bemisia tabaci (GENN.) Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Alternative control of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato plants grown in greenhouses

A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

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