Citogenética do javali em criatórios comerciais das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil

Abstract

Resumo -O desenvolvimento da criação de javalis no Brasil encontra dificuldades tais como a obtenção de animais puros (2n = 36), isto é, que não sejam descendentes do cruzamento do javali com o porco doméstico. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram a caracterização citogenética do javali (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) e a determinação da freqüência cariotípica dos diferentes grupos genéticos. Foram estudados um total de 1.308 javalis de três grupos genéticos provenientes de criatórios comerciais das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, de ambos os sexos e com idade entre 5,5 a 30 meses. Os animais apresentaram número diplóide (2n) de 36 cromossomos (46,71%), de 37 (39,68%) e de 38 cromossomos (13,61%). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do Teste Exato de Fisher. Na técnica de bandamento C, todos os cromossomos dos animais analisados dos três números diplóides apresentaram banda C positiva na região do centrômero e apenas o cromossomo Y mostrou-se quase inteiramente heterocromático. Já no bandamento NOR, dois pares de metacêntricos foram corados nas constrições secundárias próximas ao centrômero, correspondendo aos pares 7 e 10 nos animais 2n = 36, 37 e 38. A presença de um cromossomo submetacêntrico médio t (15; 17), formado por fusão robertsoniana nos animais com 2n = 37 pode diferenciar javalis híbridos, puros e javaporcos, visto que são fenotipicamente muito parecidos.Termos para indexação: Sus scrofa, cruzamento, cromossomos, seleção, polimorfismo. Cytogenetics of wild boars from commercial breeders in Southern and Southeastern BrazilAbstract -Wild boar breeding in Brazil frequently faces difficulties, such as the acquisition of pure animals (2n = 36), that is, which are not descendants of the wild boar and domestic swine crossings. The purposes of this work were the cytogenetic characterization of the wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) and the determination of the karyotypic frequency of different genetic groups. One thousand, three hundred and eight wild boars from three genetic groups from the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil were studied. The sample consisted of male and female animals aged 5.5 to 30 months. They showed a diploid number (2n) of 36 (46.71%), 37 (39.68%) and 38 (13.61%) chromosomes. The data were submitted to statistical analysis through the Fisher's Exact Test. According to the C banding technique, all the chromosomes of the analyzed animals with three diploid numbers showed positive C band at the centromere region and only chromosome Y was almost entirely heterochromatic. However, in NOR banding, two pairs of metacentric chromosomes were stained at the secondary constrictions close to the centromere, corresponding to pairs 7 and 10 in 2n = 36, 37 and 38 animals. The presence of a medium submetacentric chromosome t (15; 17), formed by robertsonian fusion in the animals with 2n = 37 can differentiate hybrid pure wild boars and from "javaporcos" as they are phenotypically very similar. IntroduçãoOs javalis são mamíferos que pertencem à ordem Artiodactyla, da família Suidae, ...

Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)

“…The axillary nerve was originated from C6 and C7 in 71% of S. scrofa specimens, in agreement with Ghoshal (1986c) in pigs, Gamba et al (2007) in C. lanigera, Scavone et al (2008) in A. paca, Rosa et al (2012) in M. tridactyla, and Vieira et al (2013) in M. gouazoubira. In addition, the axillary nerve fibers were derived from C7 and C8 in 29% of cases, as described by Ghoshal (1986d) in dogs and Lizardo et al (2013) in fetuses of zebu-crossed cattle.…”

“…The distribution of the median nerve in S. scrofa is similar to pigs (GHOSHAL, 1986c). In the proximal third of forearm, the median nerve was deeply extended to the pronator teres muscle and supplied branches to the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, superficial digital flexor (superficial and deep part), deep digital flexor (ulnar, two humeral and radial heads), corroborating with the descriptions of Souza et al (2010) in A. australis, Vasconcelos et al (2012) in S. scrofa and Vieira et al (2013) in M. gouazoubira. In this study, the median nerve fibers were also distributed to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, in all animals, as described by Ghoshal (1986c) in pigs.…”

“…In the early twentieth century, S. scrofa specimens were brought to Argentina with the purpose of serving as sport hunting, and some animals just escaped and spread through Northern Argentina, Uruguay and Southern Brazil (MIRANDA, 2003). As in other countries, in Brazil these invasive animals are causing environmental and economic impacts (IBAMA, 2010).…”

Ocorrência de queixada (Tayassu pecari), caititu (Pecari tajacu) e javaporco (Sus scrofa) (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) em João Pinheiro, Cerrado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…Comumente o nome porco--monteiro (Desbiez et al, 2009a) refere-se à forma asselvajada do porco doméstico, enquanto que o nome javaporco (Pedrosa et al, 2015) tem sido aplicado à forma híbrida entre o javali e o porco doméstico, assim como, às demais formas resultantes de retrocruzamentos com o híbrido. Em estudos citogenéticos de animais criados como javalis nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil foram identificados cariótipos de javalis puros (2n = 36) e de diferentes híbridos (2n = 37 e 38) (Miranda & Lui, 2003;Lui, 2000), o que atesta a ocorrência dos cruzamentos.…”

Genetic variability among the wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa), crossbred animals and pigs using microsatellite markers (STRs)

“…Despite these differences in chromosome number, these animals can mate and produce fertile hybrids (Grossi et al, 2006). Miranda et al (2003), through cytogenetic characterization, reported a great deal of polymorphisms for the wild boars, with chromosome number varying between 36 and 38 that generated difficulties to obtain pure animals for farm development. Currently, distinction between the pure and hybrid animals is made not only by phenotype observation, but also by the means of number of chromosomes analysis in diploid cells.…”