Sugarcane trash management assessed by the interaction of yield with soil properties

Abstract

SUMMARYCurrently, sugarcane plays an important global role, particularly with a view to alternative energy sources. Thus, in a sugarcane field of the mill Vale do Paraná S/A Álcool e Açúcar, Rubineia, São Paulo State, managed under two green cane harvest systems (cane trash left on and cane trash removed from the soil), Pearson and spatial correlations between the sugarcane yield (variety RB855035 in the third cut) and soil physical and chemical properties were studied to identify the property best correlated with stalk yield and the best harvest method. For this purpose, two geostatistical grids (121 sampling points on 1.30 ha) were installed on a eutrophic Red Argisol (homogeneous slope of 0.065 m m -1 ), in 2011, to determine the properties: stalk yield and sugarcane plant population, and soil resistance to penetration, gravimetric moisture, bulk density, and carbon stock, in the layers 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The data were analyzed by descriptive, linear correlation and geostatistical analysis. In both treatments, the property stand density was best correlated with sugarcane yield (r = 0.725 in the trash mulching treatment -TM and r = 0.769 in the trash removal treatment -TR). However, in relation to the soil properties, bulk density (0-0.20 m) was best correlated (r = 0.305 in TM, r = 0.211 in TR). Similarly, from the spatial point of view, stand density was the property that best explained the sugarcane yield. However, in the TM treatment the density (0.20-0.40 m) was 1710 the only soil property spatially correlated with stalk yield. The carbon stock in the soil of the TM was 11.5 % higher than in the TR treatment. Results of the TM treatment were best, also with regard to soil management and conservation.Index terms: sugar and ethanol production, soil management and conservation, environmental sustainability, kriging maps, Saccharum officinarum L. RESUMO: MANEJO DA PALHADA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR AVALIADO PELA INTERAÇÃO DA PRODUTIVIDADE COM PROPRIEDADES DO SOLOAtualmente, a cultura da cana-de-açúcar desempenha importante papel no cenário mundial, sobretudo ao aspecto relacionado às fontes energéticas alternativas. Assim, em um talhão de cana-de-açúcar na Usina Vale do Paraná S/A Álcool e Açúcar, Rubineia, SP, manejado sob duas formas de colheita da cana crua, com palhada (COP) e sem palhada (SEP) sobre o solo, foram estudadas as correlações Pearson e espacial entre a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar (variedade RB855035, em seu terceiro corte) e as propriedades físico-químicas do solo, objetivando verificar aquele que possui a melhor correlação com essa produtividade, assim como o melhor método de colheita. Para tanto, foram instaladas duas malhas geoestatísticas (1,30 ha e 121 pontos amostrais cada) em um Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico (declive homogêneo de 0,065 m m -1 ), no ano de 2011. Os atributos avaliados foram: produtividade de colmos de cana-de-açúcar, população de plantas, resistência do solo à penetração, umidade gravimétrica, densidade e estoque de carbono do solo, nas profundidades de 0-0,20 e 0,20-0,...

Assessing soil structural quality under Brazilian sugarcane expansion areas using Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS)

“…These results are supported by Franco et al (2015), who reported reduction of SOC in deeper layers in these same sugarcane sites. Dalchiavon et al (2013) also verified that maintenance of sugarcane straw on the soil surface increases SOC stocks, decreases bulk density and soil resistance to penetration, and improves sugarcane yield.…”

“…Adoption of harvesting without prior burning (e.g., Cerri et al, 2011), minimum tillage and maintaining straw on the soil surface (e.g., Dalchiavon et al, 2013;Segnini et al, 2013) could increase SOC and improve soil structure. Protocols that aim to have machinery enter fields under soil moisture that are less favorable to compaction in conjunction with controlled traffic strategies should also be encouraged to keep soil structure favorable for sustainable sugarcane production.…”

Hama Penggerek Tebu dan Perkembangan Teknik Pengendaliannya

“…Tanaman pupuk hijau ditebang setelah berumur sekitar 2 bulan dan biomassanya dikembalikan ke lahan. Pengembalian residu tanaman ke lahan dapat meningkatkan bahan organik tanah (Dalchiavon et al 2013;Suma dan Savitha 2015), memperkaya keragaman arthropoda (Doube dan Schmidt 1998;Straalen 1998), memperbaiki kinerja mikroba tanah (Roper dan Ophel-Keller 1998;Sparling 1998), meningkatkan keragaman hayati tanah (Lio et al 2014), meningkatkan aktivitas predator (Kingstone et al 2007), dan memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan produksi tebu (Muñoz-Arboleda dan Quintero-Duran 2009).…”

Soil quality response to land-use change for sugarcane expansion in Brazil

“…These results are supported by , who reported reduction of SOC in deeper layers in these same sugarcane sites. Dalchiavon et al (2013) also verified that maintenance of sugarcane straw on the soil surface increases SOC stocks, decreases bulk density and soil resistance to penetration, and improves sugarcane yield.…”

“…On the other hand, long-term (>20 years) sugarcane production led to important SOC losses at Lat_23S. This SOC depletions can be associated to several causes, such as soil tillage performed for planting, fertilization and sugarcane reformation , long period of time (~10 years) with burning sugarcane harvesting system (CERRI et al, 2011;BORDONAL;FIGUEIREDO;LA SCALA JR, 2012;BRANDANI et al, 2015) and the recent crop residue removal for electricity production (CARVALHO et al, 2013). At Lat_17S were observed higher SOC and TN content under sugarcane than pasture.…”