Atividade radicular da soja: definição de um método

Encide-Olibone, Ana Paula; Olibone, Dácio; Rosolem, Ciro Antônio

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832008000200044

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Soybean root activity was evaluated as described by Encide‐Olibone et al. (). When soybean plants were at the R 4 stage (Fehr & Caviness, ), 4 ml of rubidium nitrate ( 85 RbNO 3 ) at a concentration of 1.0 mol L −1 was applied to the soil 0.0 and 0.22 m from the plant and at depths of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 cm using a graduated syringe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been widely reported that root system growth can be stimulated by several species of PGPR, however, proper evaluations of this growth are rare. Methods to evaluate root systems vary according to the research aim (Encide-Olibone, Olibone, & Rosolem, 2008;Gockele, Weigelt, Gessler, & Scherer-Lorenzen, 2014;Hoekstra et al, 2014) and can be divided into direct and indirect methods (Böhm, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Direct methods are correlated with root system biometrics, while indirect methods are based on determining changes in the flow of water or nutrients in the soil profile that influence the distribution and activity of roots Hoekstra et al, 2014). According to Läuchli and Epstein (1970), rubidium ( 85 Rb) is stable isotope analogous to potassium (K + ), exhibits no toxicity or irregular distribution within the plant, and can be used in indirect methods that satisfactorily assess plant root activity (Encide-Olibone et al, 2008;Pivetta, Castoldi, Santos, & Rosolem, 2011). In addition, because 85 Rb is not radioactive, there are no ecological risks of its use (Rosolem & Pivetta, 2017).…”

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Effects of growth‐promoting bacteria on soybean root activity, plant development, and yield

et al. 2020

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Rhizobia and other plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been broadly used as inoculants in agriculture, resulting in morphofunctional improvements in roots and grain yield. This study was carried out during two cropping seasons under field and greenhouse conditions in Brazil to verify the effects of inoculation of two soybean cultivars with PGPR and secondary microbial metabolites (SMMs) on root activity and nodulation, plant development, and grain yield. Inoculation and co‐inoculation treatments consisted of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain SEMIA 5079 and B. diazoefficiens strain SEMIA 5080 inoculated together, in combination with Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713, Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6, and SMMs extracted from B. diazoefficiens strain USDA 110 and Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT 889. Root systems were evaluated by direct (optical reading) and indirect (rubidium nitrate application, 85RbNO3) methods. Increases of up to 1.6% in root diameter (0.01‐ to 0.5‐mm class), 28.5% in length, 19.7% in root volume, 17.8% in root surface area, 29% in the number of nodules, 27.2% in nodule dry weight, 13.5% in root dry weight, and 3.8% in shoot dry weight. Greater exploration and activity within and between rows following inoculation at up to 40 and 10 cm in depth, respectively, were observed in plants co‐inoculated with the standard inoculation (only Bradyrhizobium spp.) + SMMs + A. brasilense, resulting in a yield increase of 485 kg ha−1. The results emphasize the biotechnological potential of using secondary metabolites of rhizobia with inoculants containing rhizobia and PGPR to improve the growth and soybean yield in tropical conditions.

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Effects of growth‐promoting bacteria on soybean root activity, plant development, and yield

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“…A atividade radicular da soja foi avaliada conforme Encide-Olibone et al (2008). Quando a soja encontravase no estádio R4 (Fehr et al, 1971), foi realizada a aplicação de 3 mL de nitrato de rubídio (RbNO 3 ), na concentração de 1,0 mol L -1 , com auxílio de cateter e seringa graduada, nas distâncias de 0,0, 0,11 e 0,22 m da planta de referência e nas profundidades de 0,05, 0,10, 0,20, 0,40 e 0,60 m. Para realizar a aplicação, o solo foi perfurado com hastes cilíndricas de 12 mm de diâmetro.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Crescimento e atividade de raízes de soja em função do sistema de produção

Pivetta

Castoldi

Santos

et al. 2011

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de culturas de inverno e de primavera no crecimento do sistema radicular e na produtividade da soja, e comparar um método direto (trado) com um indireto (com rubídio), na análise do sistema radicular. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas culturas de inverno, triticale (X Triticosecale) e girassol (Helianthus annuus), e as subparcelas pelos culturas de primavera, milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor) e crotalária júncea (Crotalaria juncea), além da escarificação, realizada em 2003 e 2009. A soja (Glycine max) foi cultivada no verão e seu sistema radicular foi avaliado por amostragem física das raízes, com trado, e por avaliação da atividade radicular com rubídio. Modificações na arquitetura ou na atividade do sistema radicular da soja não afetaram a produtividade. A distribuição física e a atividade radicular não foram afetados significativamente pelas espécies de inverno, mas o crescimento foi favorecido após o cultivo do milheto e do sorgo forrageiro, na primavera. A medida direta do sistema radicular com trado apresenta baixa correlação com a atividade radicular.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, compactação do solo, escarificação, marcação com rubídio, plantas de cobertura, sistema radicular. Soybean root growth and activity as affected by the production systemAbstract -The objective of this work was to assess winter and spring crop effects on soybean root system growth, and on yield, and to compare a direct method (soil core sampling) with an indirect method (with rubidium) in evaluating the root system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. Plots consisted of the winter crops, triticale (X Triticosecale) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and subplots of the spring crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), besides chisel tillage in 2003 and 2009. Soybean (Glycine max) was grown in the summer, and its root system was evaluated by physical sampling of the roots and by root activity assessment using rubidium. Changes in the architecture or in the activity of soybean roots did not affect yield. The distribution and activity of soybean roots were not significantly affected by the winter cover crops, but root growth was favored after millet and sorghum were grown in the spring. The direct measurement of the soybean root system with an auger has low correlation with root activity.

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“…Indirect methods are based on the determination of changes in water or element contents in the soil profile, and so root distribution and activity are inferred (Böhm, ). Rubidium (Rb) is an element considered analogous to K (Lauchli & Epstein, ) and can be used to assess plant root activity satisfactorily, with no toxicity or irregular distribution within the plant (Encide‐Olibone et al ., ; Pivetta et al ., ), when it is applied to the soil. In addition, there are no ecological risks, because it is not necessary to use radioactive forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mechanical and biological approaches to alleviate soil compaction in tropical soils: assessed by root growth and activity (Rb uptake) of soybean and maize grown in rotation with cover crops

Rosolem

Pivetta

2016

Soil Use and Management

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Chiselling has been used to alleviate soil compaction but cover crops with deep, vigorous roots can improve root growth and activity of the cash crop for a longer time. The determination of root activity in addition to root mass or length may improve the understanding of plant response to compaction. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate root growth and activity as affected by the alleviation of soil compaction using mechanical and biological methods. The experiment was conducted in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2009 to 2011, on a clay, Typic Rhodudalf soil. Crop rotations including pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum), soybean (Glycine max), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), maize (Zea mays), ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and castor bean (Ricinus communis) in plots, either chiselled or not. Root growth was assessed by core sampling and root activity was determined indirectly using rubidium injected at several depths as a marker. Root activity was instrumental in interpreting the effects of tillage and crop rotations on soil amelioration. Compared with the initial compacted condition, chiselling increased root growth and activity just for the first 18 months of the experiment, but crop rotations, mainly including ruzi grass and castor bean, increased root growth and activity in the soil profile from the second year on. Generally, root mass was poorly correlated with root activity, except in the case of ruzi grass. Introduction of ruzi grass plus castor bean into the cropping system improves not only root growth and activity in the soil profile but also soybean yield.

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Atividade radicular da soja: definição de um método

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of growth‐promoting bacteria on soybean root activity, plant development, and yield

Effects of growth‐promoting bacteria on soybean root activity, plant development, and yield

Crescimento e atividade de raízes de soja em função do sistema de produção

Mechanical and biological approaches to alleviate soil compaction in tropical soils: assessed by root growth and activity (Rb uptake) of soybean and maize grown in rotation with cover crops

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