Produtividade do cacaueiro em função de características do solo: I. características químicas

Souza, J. O.; Mello, Jaime Wilson Vargas de; Neves, Júlio César Lima

doi:10.1590/s0100-06831999000400013

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Fertilizer trials have been carried out in all cocoa producing countries. They have shown that good correlations exist between cocoa yields and soil nutrients levels, thus confi rming that the method is well adapted for cacao growing and production improvement (Appiah et al 2000 ;Wessel 1971 ;Ahenkorah et al 1987 ;Bénac and Dejardin 1970 ;Morais 1998 ;Ojeniyi et al 1982 ;Paviot 1977 ;Santana et al 1971 ;Souza Júnior et al 1999b ;Tossah et al 2006 ;Wyrley-Birch 1987 ).…”

Section: First Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cacao Nutrition and Fertilization

Snoeck

Koko

Joffre³

et al. 2016

Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

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Cocoa is globally the third agricultural commodity traded in terms of value. The cocoa world production is relatively stable since 2010, amounting to around 4.5 million tonnes. Eight countries account for 90 % of the cocoa production, of which four West African countries. Under traditional cultivation practices, cocoa yields are poor with an average of ten fruits per cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.), even though it has a potential to yield more than 100 fruits. As for most tree crops, the yields are depending on many factors, of which the more important are planting material, climate, cultural practices, and soil. Cacao is cultivated on many types of soil, and in various conditions, from agroforestry systems to full sun. Soil degradation and low soil fertility are among the main causes of low cocoa productivity. However, despite this inherent low fertility, most of the cocoa farmers do not use fertilizer because they are not well informed of the agricultural and fertilizers issues.Here we fi rst review why fertilizers are used and how to optimize their effects, particularly farming practices and soil fertility management in full sun or shaded plantations. Secondly, we describe soil diagnosis and the foliar diagnosis, the two complementary approaches that were developed to assess the nutritional needs of cacao. The soil diagnosis provides a means to improve soil nutrient availabilities, while foliar diagnosis provides information on the cacao health. Third, we review the methods used to design fertilizer formulae and doses, and how they are calculated. Fertilizer inputs and mode of application are determined from the local conditions and farming practices. Finally, we review the effects of nutrients on the characteristics of the cocoa tree and cacao product. Finally, some current issues are discussed, such as the use of advising a single formula for a whole region or country and how to develop adoption of fertilizer by cocoa farmers.

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Section: First Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cacao Nutrition and Fertilization

Snoeck

Koko

Joffre³

et al. 2016

Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

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“…In the vegetative part of the plant, Cu participates in various physiological processes such as redox, respiration, carbohydrate distribution, fixing and reduction of N protein for metabolism and cell walls and nucleic acids (Marenco and Lopes, 2009). Cu deficiency has been reported in cacao plantations (Souza Júnior et al, 1999), denoting that this micronutrient is quite in demand by cacao trees in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Impact of soils and cropping systems on mineral composition of dry cacao beans

Araújo

Baligar

Loureiro

et al. 2017

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…In 1995, 36 of these plots were selected for the development of a research project that studied the correlation between edaphic attributes and cacao productivity. There was a predominance of a single soil unit per plot and a wide diversity of soils between plots (Souza Júnior, Ker, et al., 1999; Souza Júnior, Mello, et al., 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The edaphic attributes studied came from the original database (Souza Júnior, Ker, et al., 1999; Souza Júnior, Mello, et al., 1999), which can be subdivided into chemical, physical, and mineralogical attributes. Chemical attributes and granulometry (sand, silt, and clay) were determined in deformed composite samples of air‐dried fine soil from two soil layers: 0.0–0.2 m (surface layer) and 0.3–0.5 m (subsurface layer); the intermediate layer, 0.2–0.3 m, was discarded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cacao cultivated region in southeastern Bahia has wide soil variability, containing 30 units or 19 large pedological groups, classified by the American Soil Classification System (Soil Taxonomy), which are equivalent to 13 soil classes according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (Santana et al., 2002). Therefore, these soils have a great geological diversity as well as mineralogical, chemical, and physical attributes (Souza Júnior, Ker, et al., 1999; Souza Júnior, Mello, et al., 1999; Chepote et al., 2012; Arévalo‐Hernández et al., 2019). Among the soil attributes, the physical ones are very important for crop development and productivity especially in less rainy years, as they greatly influence soil water dynamics including infiltration rate and available water‐holding capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Edaphic and physiographic attributes and death of cacao trees in drought years

et al. 2023

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Occurrence of more frequent events of prolonged periods of low rainfall (drought) in worldwide cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) production zones has not only compromised productivity of small farmers but also crop survival. This study aimed to evaluate how and to what extent cacao tree mortality in dry years is related with variations in soil and physiographic features. The rate of mortality of cacao trees cultivated under an agroforestry system was evaluated over three periods (1994-1995, 2009-2013, and 2015-2019) on 36 plots of a farm in Bahia, Brazil, which has a wide diversity of soils and is established in a region with a subhumid to dry climate. Correlation analyses (single and multiple), cluster analysis, and Tukey tests were performed. The explanatory variables studied were the attributes of two soil layers (physical, mineralogical, and chemical), the diagnostic horizon, and the physiographic attributes (slope, terrain orientation in relation to the sun, and crop shading). The edaphic attributes most related to cacao tree mortality were physical (granulometry, porosity, and density) and mineralogical (Ki), mainly in the subsurface layer. The lowest mortality was observed in Oxisols and on slopes facing south and east. It was possible to establish recommend limits of the most suitable edaphic attributes to ensure greater survival of cacao trees cultivated in regions subject to recurrent water deficit similar to the conditions of this study. These findings can be used to guide farmers on how to mitigate the effect of drought. INTRODUCTIONIncrease in the frequency of drought events in the cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) production regions of the world has Abbreviations: BD, bulk density; BS, base saturation; CEC, cation exchange capacity; Ki, SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio; Kr, SiO 2 /(Fe 2 O 3 +Al 2 O 3 ) molar ratio; PCA, principal components analysis; PDP, percentage of dead plants; P rem , remaining P; S-value, sum of basic cations; Sl, terrain slope; SLAI, shading leaf area index; SORS, slope orientation in relation to the sun; TOC, total organic carbon; TP, total porosity.

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Produtividade do cacaueiro em função de características do solo: I. características químicas

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Cacao Nutrition and Fertilization

Cacao Nutrition and Fertilization

Impact of soils and cropping systems on mineral composition of dry cacao beans

Edaphic and physiographic attributes and death of cacao trees in drought years

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