Volatilização de N-NH3 na cultura de milho: I. efeito da irrigação e substituição parcial da uréia por sulfato de amônio

Cabezas, Waldo Alejandro Rubén Lara; Korndörfer, Gaspar Henrique; Motta, Silvia

doi:10.1590/s0100-06831997000300018

Cited by 63 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, a relationship between volatilization and the total monthly volume of precipitation or the volume of rain that fell five days prior to N application was not observed. These results were similar to those obtained by Lara Cabezas et al (1997a), who demonstrated that NH 3 emissions can be reduced by irrigating the crop after nitrogen application. Moreover, irrigation prior to fertilization did not have an effect on N losses.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Among alternative N sources, applications of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to the soil surface can reduce NH 3 volatilization (Lara Cabezas et al, 1997a) due to acid-base reactions and the presence of NO 3 -and SO 4 2-anions, which favor vertical NH 4 + soil displacement (Lara Cabezas et al, 1997a, b;Kiehl, 1989). Controlled-release sources of N and fertilizers containing urease inhibitors can be used to increase N efficiency; however, the results obtained from these fertilizers are highly variable and range from null or negative (Rozas et al, 1999) to positive (Clay et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Fontoura¹,

Bayer

2010

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYAmmonia (NH 3 ) volatilization can reduce the efficiency of urea applied to the surface of no-till (NT) soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the magnitude of NH 3 losses from surface-applied urea and to determine if this loss justifies the urea incorporation in soil or its substitution for other N sources under the subtropical climatic conditions of South-Central region of Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment, performed over four harvesting seasons in a clayey Hapludox followed a randomized block design with four replicates. A single dose of N (150 kg ha -1 ) to V5 growth stage of corn cultivated under NT system was applied and seven treatments were evaluated, including surface-applied urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea with urease inhibitor, controlled-release N source, a liquid N source, incorporated urea, and a control treatment with no N application. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated for 20 days after N application using a semiopen static system. The average cumulative NH 3 loss due to the superficial application of urea was low (12.5 % of the applied N) compared to the losses observed in warmer regions of Southeastern Brazil (greater than 50 %). The greatest NH 3 losses were observed in dry years (up to 25.4 % of the applied N), and losses decreased exponentially as the amount of rainfall after N application increased. Incorporated urea and alternative N sources, with the exception of controlled-release N source, decreased NH 3 volatilization in comparison with surface-applied urea. Urea incorporation is advantageous for the reduction of NH 3 volatilization; however, other aspects as its low operating efficiency should be considered before this practice is adopted. In the South-Central region of Paraná, the low NH 3 losses from the surface-applied urea in NT system due to wet springs and mild temperatures do not justify its replacement for other N sources.Index terms: nitrogen fertilizer, urea, corn, urease.(

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Fontoura¹,

Bayer

2010

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…This was probably a result of the high precipitation (> 50 mm) on the first days after fertilization (Figure 2). According to Lara Cabezas et al (1997), when there is enough water to dilute the hydroxyl (OH -) concentration around the urea granules produced in the hydrolysis reaction, the urea is not only leached into the soil, but ammonia volatilization is also reduced. According to Cantarella et al (1999), the incorporation of urea to a depth of 5 cm is sufficient to control the NH 3 loss.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction of N volatilization losses by acidification of the medium has been studied for many years, mainly based on mixtures of urea with other acidifying N sources (Lara Cabezas et al, 1997;Costa et al, 2003;Lara Cabezas & Souza, 2008). However, because the ammonium sulfate is hygroscopic, mixing with urea tends to reduce the critical moisture and flowability of the mixture, and depending on the exposure time of the mixture in the field, can affect its application (Vitti et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization from coated urea forms

Nascimento¹,

Vitti

Faria³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYNitrogen fertilization is a major component of the cost of agricultural production, due to the high cost and low efficiency of fertilizers. In the case of urea, the low efficiency is mainly due to losses by volatilization, which are more pronounced in cultivation systems in which plant residues are left on the soil. The objective of this work was to compare the influence of urea coated with sulfur or boric acid and copper sulfate with conventional N fertilizers on N volatilization losses in sugar cane harvested after stubble burning. The sources urea, sulfurcoated urea, urea coated with boric acid and copper sulfate, as well as nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were tested at amounts containing N rates of 120 kg ha -1 N. The integration of new technologies in urea fertilization can reduce N losses by volatilization. These losses were most reduced when using nitrate and ammonium sulfate. The application of a readily acidified substance (boric acid) to urea was more efficient in reducing volatilization losses and nutrient removal by sugar cane than that of a substance with gradual acidification (elemental sulfur).

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“…A baixa EUFN observada na dose de plantio pode estar relacionada à perda de N por volatilização de amônia, uma vez que a fonte aplicada foi uréia. Embora o adubo tenha sido incorporado, as perdas de N por este processo podem ser significativas (Lara-Cabezas et al, 1997). Outra possibilidade para a baixa EUFN da dose de plantio seria a imobilização do N na matéria orgânica do solo que ocorre nos primeiros anos de adoção do sistema plantio direto, principalmente quando a fertilização é feita depois da aveia (Boddey et al, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Fixação biológica de nitrogênio e fertilizantes nitrogenados no balanço de nitrogênio em soja, milho e algodão

Alves

Zotarelli

Fernandes

et al. 2006

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) da cultura da soja, e a eficiência do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados (EUFN) pelas culturas de milho e algodão, no balanço de N de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, sob plantio direto, em Dourados, MS. O estudo foi feito em dois anos, concentrando-se nas safras de verão. A contribuição da FBN para a soja foi avaliada pela técnica de abundância natural de 15 N. A EUFN foi avaliada mediante a substituição dos fertilizantes nitrogenados convencionais pelos enriquecidos com 15 N, nas culturas do milho e algodão. No primeiro ano, foram adicionados 115 kg ha -1 de N, de forma parcelada, para ambas as culturas; somente a parte aérea das plantas foi avaliada. No segundo ano, somente a cultura do milho foi avaliada, tendo recebido 70 kg ha -1 de N aos 29 DAE. Nesse ano, além da parte aérea do milho, amostrou-se também o solo, na profundidade de 0-20 cm. Nos dois anos de avaliação, a FBN foi superior a 80% do N nas plantas de soja, o que resultou em alta produtividade e em balanço positivo de N para o solo. A EUFN na parte aérea de milho e algodão, no primeiro ano, foi de 48 e 61%, respectivamente. No segundo ano, a EUFN, na parte aérea do milho, foi de 46%, tendo-se observado que 24% do N do fertilizante permaneceu nos primeiros 20 cm de solo. Para os níveis de produtividade das culturas de milho e algodão, o manejo do fertilizante nitrogenado resulta em balanços negativos de N para o solo.Termos para indexação: 15 N, eficiência do uso de N, plantio direto. Biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrogen balance of soybean, maize and cottonAbstract -The subject of this work was to evaluate the effect of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of soybean, and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) by maize and cotton, on the N balance of an Oxisol (Typic Haplorthox) under no-tillage, in Dourados, MS. The study was carried out for two consecutive years, focusing the summer crops. The BNF contribution to soybean was evaluated by the 15 N natural abundance technique. The NFUE was evaluated by the substitution of conventional N fertilizers used for maize and cotton crops by 15 N enriched ones. In the first year, both crops were fertilized with 115 kg N ha -1 split in three doses; only plant aerial parts were evaluated. In the second year, only the maize crop was evaluated and received 70 kg ha -1 N, as a dressing fertilization at 29 DAE. In that year, the aerial part of maize plants and the soil of a 0-20 cm layer were evaluated. For two consecutive harvests, the BNF contribution to soybean was over 80%, bringing about high yields and a positive N balance to the soil. In the first year, NFUE for aerial parts of maize and cotton were 48 and 61%, respectively. In the second year, NFUE for maize was 46%, and the soil layer of 0-20 cm also retained 24% of de N fertilizer applied. For the yield levels of maize and cotton, the fertilizer management results in negative N balances to the soil.Index-terms: 15 N...

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Volatilização de N-NH3 na cultura de milho: I. efeito da irrigação e substituição parcial da uréia por sulfato de amônio

Abstract: RESUMO

Cited by 63 publications

References 12 publications

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Ammonia volatilization from coated urea forms

Fixação biológica de nitrogênio e fertilizantes nitrogenados no balanço de nitrogênio em soja, milho e algodão

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