External morphology of the immature stages of Neotropical heliconians: IX. Dione glycera (C. Felder & R. Felder) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae)

Twittering Pupae of Papilionid and Nymphalid Butterflies (Lepidoptera): Novel Structures and Sounds

“… Penz (1999) and Penz and Peggie (2003) used presence or absence of ‘a stridulatory organ’ as a character in phylogenetic analyses of Heliconiinae. Surprisingly, for Heliconiinae no details have been provided to date with respect to sounds and/or related structures; reviews on Heliconiinae ( Beebe et al 1960 ; Brown 1981 ; Brower 1997 ) and a series of papers giving very detailed documentation of morphological characters of early instars of several heliconiine genera ( Vargas et al 2014 and refs therein) do not even mention pupal sound organs.…”