Vulnerabilidade da criança diante de situações adversas ao seu desenvolvimento: proposta de matriz analítica

Abstract

RESUMOEstudo teórico que teve como objetivo elaborar uma matriz conceitual para analisar a vulnerabilidade da criança diante de situações adversas para seu desenvolvimento. Propõe-se que vulnerabilidade da criança seja analisada por meio dos aspectos das dimensões individual, relativa a relações sustentadoras contínuas e proteção física e segurança; social, concernente à inserção social da família e ao acesso a direitos à proteção e promoção social, e programática, cenário político-programático, de diretrizes e implementação político-programáticas. A aplicação prática desta matriz permite a captação do processo saúde-doença para além da dimensão individual, possibilitando a articulação das políticas públicas e das ações dos profissionais, a fim de obter eficácia no atendimento às necessidades das crianças. O uso desse instrumento conceitual pode propiciar às equipes de saúde a apreensão, de forma específica, das situações adversas ao desenvolvimento infantil, bem como subsidiar a construção de planos de intervenção a partir das dimensões analíticas da vulnerabilidade. DESCRITORES Análise de vulnerabilidade Desenvolvimento infantil Saúde da criança ABSTRACTThis theoretical study presents a conceptual matrix built to analyze the vulnerability of children in adverse situations to their development. It proposes that the vulnerability of children is analyzed by means of the following dimensions: individual, which is related to ongoing nurturing relationships, physical protection and security; social, which concerns the social insertion of family and access to rights of social protection and promotion; and programmatic, which involves the political-programmatic scenario and the guidelines and political-programmatic implementation. The practical application of this matrix allows apprehending the health-disease process beyond the individual dimension, enabling the articulation of public policies and actions of professionals to achieve effectiveness in meeting the needs of children. The use of this conceptual matrix can provide to health teams a specific understanding of the adverse situations to child development as well as subsidizing intervention plans based on the analytical dimensions of vulnerability. DESCRIPTORS Vulnerability analysis Child development Child health RESUMENEste estudio teórico tuvo como objetivo elaborar una matriz conceptual para analizar la vulnerabilidad del niño delante de situaciones adversas para su desarrollo. Se propone que la vulnerabilidad del niño sea analizada a través de los aspectos de las dimensiones: Individual-relaciones sostenedoras continuas, y protección física y seguridad; Social-inserción social de la familia y acceso a los derechos, a la protección y la promoción social; y Programático-escenario político-programático y directrices y realización político-programáticas. La aplicación práctica de esta matriz permite la captación del proceso salud-enfermedad más allá de la dimensión individual, posibilitando la articulación de las políticas públicas y de las acciones de los profe...

Vulnerability in the Child Development: Influence of Public Policies and Health Programs*

“…Such socioeconomic indicators potentially allow the rapprochement with the reality of the social and programmatic vulnerability in the context of child development 9 , which would lead to a greater need for programmatic actions and recognition of the need on the part of professionals.…”

“…[6][7] Thus, it is justified to say that child development must be a political priority, especially in early childhood, which demands the commitment of the whole society and the development of public policies aimed at settling the iniquities of social determinants and seek to meet the needs of health according to their degree of vulnerability. [8][9] Vulnerability in the child development may be defined as the chance or opportunity of the child suffer losses or delays in their development due to the influence of factors of individual, social and programmatic order, which constitute adverse situations. 9 Therefore, this study presupposes that within the programmatic dimension of vulnerability, the child may have difficulties in their development if faults or breaches in public policies and child care programs in Programmatic political scenario.…”

“…[8][9] Vulnerability in the child development may be defined as the chance or opportunity of the child suffer losses or delays in their development due to the influence of factors of individual, social and programmatic order, which constitute adverse situations. 9 Therefore, this study presupposes that within the programmatic dimension of vulnerability, the child may have difficulties in their development if faults or breaches in public policies and child care programs in Programmatic political scenario. This defined as the political commitment of governments to establish programs of protection and promotion of children's welfare to reduce infant deaths and resolve the inequalities that determine the losses in their development.…”

“…This scenario determined by the degree of investments that the State provides for the financing of actions of child care. 9 In addition, the child development influenced by Political and programmatic guidelines and implementation, which are the formats of child care services as to their working process and to their care model, which guide the care of needs. These aspects may described as the implementation of structural health systems strategies, guiding the model health care and the establishment of a new dynamic in the organization of health actions and services.…”

“…These aspects may described as the implementation of structural health systems strategies, guiding the model health care and the establishment of a new dynamic in the organization of health actions and services. 9 Being the nurse a professional who acts on children's health care and, in recent years, has been increasing their performance largely thanks to expressive number of these professionals in the Family health strategy (ESF), it is worth questioning how he understands the vulnerability in a child's development in the face of public health programs and policies. This understanding may stimulate the nurse and health team activities less focused on individual accountability of families for an act that also consider the programmatic support as a resource for families in childcare.…”