Insuficiência cardíaca: expressões do conhecimento das pessoas sobre a doença

Abstract

RESUMO ABSTRACTThis qualitative study characterized individuals with heart failure (HF) according to their sociodemographic, health, and treatment profiles and analyzed their knowledge on the disease and its treatment. A total of 42 volunteers with HF were interviewed at a cardiology hospital in São Paulo using a semi-structured questionnaire; the data were subjected to content analysis. The sample comprised mostly males and individuals older than 45 years old; the sample was classified as functional class II with associated comorbidities and was subjected to pharmacological treatment. The type of knowledge exhibited by the sample was illustrative, diagnostic, and explanatory, and many different meanings were attributed to the disease. Most volunteers did not know the names, doses, or frequencies of use of their medications. Non-pharmacological treatment was identified as related to the information provided by the healthcare professionals about nutrition and salt and water intake. The results pave the road for systematic educational interventions that can improve the coping with and management of this disease. DESCRIPTORSHeart failure Knowledge Health education Nursing care RESUMENInvestigación de naturaleza cualitativa que tuvo como objetivos caracterizar personas con Insuficiencia Cardiaca (IC), según el perfil sociodemográfico, de salud y de tratamiento; así como, analizar el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento. Fueron entrevistados 42 pacientes con IC, en un hospital de cardiología de Sao Paulo, se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado, cuyos datos fueron tratados por el análisis del contenido. Predominó el sexo masculino, edad mayor a 45 años, clase funcional II, con enfermedades asociadas y tratamiento farmacológico. Del análisis del contenido surgieron las categorías: conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y conocimiento sobre el tratamiento. El conocimiento es ilustrativo, diagnóstico y explicativo, atribuyéndose muchos significados a la enfermedad. La mayoría desconoce el nombre, la dosis y la frecuencia del uso de los medicamentos. El tratamiento no farmacológico se relaciona con las orientaciones de los profesionales de salud sobre alimentación, sal e ingestión hí-drica. Los resultados revelan perspectivas para intervenciones educativas sistematizadas que puedan contribuir a un mejor enfrentamiento y manejo de la enfermedad. DESCRIPTORES Insuficiencia cardiaca ConocimientoEducación en salud Atención de enfermería

Avaliação Do Autocuidado Nos Portadores De Insuficiência Cardíaca

“…Essa doença é responsável por altos custos hospitalares, por grande parte dos atendimentos de emergência, provoca perda da qualidade de vida e, muitas vezes, aposentadorias precoces com altos custos para o país (2) . O tratamento da IC é constituído pela associação da terapia farmacológica e não farmacológica.…”

Contributions Of Nurses In Health Education Of Patients With Heart Failure

“…Welfare is altered, generating incapacities, restrictions on routine habits, limitation of autonomy and independence, especially in the elderly. [16,17,19] A study carried out with elderly patients with HF demonstrated the perception they have regarding the nursing professionals who carry out activities in health education. These patients have reported perceptions related to the affective level, such as attention and affection, empathy in the nursing field is something essential, taking into account that individuals are dealt with in moments of fragility not only biological, but also psychic.…”

“…[12] In all of the studies analyzed, it was observed that nursing education interventions aim not only to improve knowledge about HF but also, the behaviors that influence the illness. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Patients are given nursing care related to medication, food, rest, physical activity, as well as special care referring to the particular conditions of each patient. [20,21] …”

Crenças de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca relacionadas à ingesta de sal

“…Concordante com esses achados, pesquisa nacional que analisou o conhecimento de pessoas com IC sobre a doença identificou que este é fundamentado em experiências individuais, sem embasamento científico, mas por meio da percepção comum apreendida no manejo diário da IC 12 . Com isso, torna-se primordial que estratégias educativas delineadas pela equipe multidisciplinar sejam testadas e implementadas na assistência oferecida a essa população, a fim de clarificar o processo saúde/doença, favorecendo uma visão ampliada da gestão de autocuidado e qualidade de vida.…”