Nível de pressão sonora em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

Abstract

RESUMOOs objeti vos deste estudo foram verifi car o nível de pressão sonora (NPS) de duas salas de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e identi fi car as suas fontes. É uma pesquisa quanti tati va, descriti va, conduzida em duas salas de UTIN de hospital universitário de São Paulo -SP, Brasil. Registros de NPS foram realizados por três dosímetros, totalizando 261 horas de mensuração. Obteve-se 48 horas de registros das fontes que produzem ruídos. Os resultados indicam elevados níveis de pressão sonora nos dois ambientes. Os maiores níveis de Leq foram 71,0 dBA na sala A e 68,0 dBA na sala B. As principais fontes de ruído encontradas nas duas unidades foram ruído no corredor, trânsito e conversa entre os profi ssionais. Os resultados revelam que os NPS das salas da UTIN estão distantes dos recomendados pelos órgãos regulamentadores. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo e implementado um programa educati vo, visando à redução dos níveis de pressão sonora. DESCRITORES Ruído Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Enfermagem neonatal Humanização da assistênciaSound pressure levels in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ORIGINAL ARTICLE ABSTRACTThe objecti ves of the study were to assess sound pressure level (SPL) in two rooms of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to identi fy their sources. This quanti tati ve--descripti ve study was conducted in two rooms of a NICU of a University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Three dosimeters were used to register SPL (total of 261 hours). A 48-hour register of noise sources was obtained. The results showed high SPL in both rooms. The greatest mean Leq were 71.0 dBA (room A) and 68.0 dBA (room B). Main noise sources in both units were: NICU hallway noise, traffi c and conversati on among professionals. The results indicate that SPLs in NICU rooms are higher than the levels recommended by regulatory agencies. A guideline was developed and an educati onal program was implemented as a means to reduce sound pressure levels.

Repercussões do ruído na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

“…This study reinforced the importance of noise management in the NICU. In addition, some studies (13,14) have detected high level of sound pressure, over the levels recommended by regulatory agencies, in the NICU and inside incubators. (13,14,20,21) Some authors considered the importance of an adequate environment.…”

“…In addition, some studies (13,14) have detected high level of sound pressure, over the levels recommended by regulatory agencies, in the NICU and inside incubators. (13,14,20,21) Some authors considered the importance of an adequate environment. Responses of newborns to the first external stimulus are crucial to establish an affective bonding between families and their babies.…”

“…(12) In most of cases noise in the NICU and inside incubators is due to alarms produced by life support devices, flow of medical gas, communication among professionals and during activities of nursing care. (13)(14)(15)(16) Newborns exposed to high sound pressure levels (SPL) could present hypoxia, increase of adrenocorticotropic hormone and adrenaline release, increased heart rate, systemic vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, elevated blood and intracranial pressure, increased oxygen consumption rates, and energetic expenditure, which in long-term could result in delayed weight gain. Hearing loss due to long exposure to noise among hospitalized newborns in the NICU is a problem widely discussed in the literature.…”

“…(9,10) Brazilian studies have been showing high SPL within the unit and inside incubators. (13,14) However, few studies are published on this topic mainly considering the health service user's perspective. Therefore, because of the importance of an environment that could enable an affective bounding between mother and child after birth, as well as to provide an adequate communication between family and health professional, this study attempted to verify if noise in the NICU could change interaction between the mother and her baby, and also mothers and health professionals.…”

O ruído da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal após a implementação de programa educativo

“…13 The literature has also documented that one of the main risk factors for hearing loss, in newborns, is the exposure to noise inside incubators for more than seven days. 14 Based on researches indicating the high sound pressure levels (SPL) to which newborns are exposed in the NICUs 16 , inside the incubators 17 and from the assumption that knowledge is one of the main guidelines of the human conduct, it is inquired whether the implementation of an educational program for professionals enlightenment and sensitization may help to reduce the NPSs from NICU environments and inside the incubators in order to minimize deleterious effects of noise, and also promote acoustic comfort to the newborn.…”