O enfermeiro no cuidado à vítima de trauma com dor: o quinto sinal vital

Abstract

This qualitative study evaluated nurses' knowledge regarding pain in trauma victims. This study was developed at a public hospital, using a questionnaire and a knowledge test, both of which were treated using Content Analysis. The sample as comprised by 27 nurses, mainly women (92.6%), with an average age of 31±10.3 years and most with less than one year since their graduation (51.8%). Results evinced pain as an unpleasant sensation, a warning sign and a subjective experience. Pain measurement is seen from subjective and objective perspectives. Most nurses (59.3%) are not familiar with the evaluation instruments and, among those with some familiarity, the numerical scale was the most referred. The strategies for pain control mentioned by the nurses were measured as pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic and associated. All nurses considered that pain measurement is important and that is a pathway to a humanized and qualified treatment that guides the therapeutic conduct and reestablished the patients' well-being.

Acute pain from the perspective of minor trauma patients treated at the emergency unit

“…In fact, less exposed body parts and those with a higher number of sensitive neurons, when traumatized, triggered the most intense the painful experiences (4) . And the larger and deeper the injured area, the greater the amount of released chemical substances responsible for triggering the nerve impulse transmission of the pain (4,13) .…”

“…In fact, less exposed body parts and those with a higher number of sensitive neurons, when traumatized, triggered the most intense the painful experiences (4) . And the larger and deeper the injured area, the greater the amount of released chemical substances responsible for triggering the nerve impulse transmission of the pain (4,13) . Accordingly, the adequate evaluation of acute pain must emphasize aspects related to conditions of the trauma, size and location of the injury (7) , which off ers support for the professional to assist the patient in the most individualized, human and resolute manner possible.…”

“…The deaths and hospitalizations due to external causes represent, currently, an important problem in public, economic and social health. Approximately 60 million people a year, worldwide, suff er from some type of trauma, and the most serious lead to one in six people being hospitalized (4) . Among the consequences from trauma, organic and psychological alterations stand out, directly infl uenced by the presence and worsening of acute pain.…”

“…Studies that seek to understand the diverse interfering and conditional factors of painful sensation are fundamental, since, according to the concept of pain employed by the scientifi c community lately, there is not always a direct relationship between tissue damage and pain (5)(6) and, as far as we know, knowledge of this area is still new. The few studies conducted so far seem to converge so that, during the patient assessment, while trying to more broadly understand the sensation that the person experiencing the pain from the trauma is feeling, their biopsychocultural range is considered (4,(6)(7)(8) . Pain -when not adequately evaluated and treated in traumatized patients -may trigger, in addition to becoming chronic, various organic and immediate emotional types of distress: hyperventilation, increased cardiac workload, decreased peripheral perfusion, tachycardia and anxiety (9) .…”

Segurança do paciente em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: carga de trabalho de enfermagem e sua relação com a ocorrência de eventos adversos e incidentes

“…Pesquisa realizada em um hospital geral governamental (148) , localizado na capital de Sergipe, nas unidades de pronto socorro, terapia intensiva, unidade de tratamento de queimados e centro cirúrgico, com 27 enfermeiros, permitiu identificar que a maioria dos enfermeiros (59,3%) desconhece os instrumentos de avaliação da dor e apenas 55,5% dos enfermeiros consideram que a dor deve ser avaliada em todas as situações.…”