Coccidioidomycosis in armadillo hunters from the state of Ceará, Brazil

Brillhante, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira; Filho, Renato Evando Moreira; Rocha, Marcos Fábio Gadelha; Castelo-Branco, Débora de Souza Collares Maia; Fechine, Maria Auxiliadora Bezerra; Lima, Rita Amanda Chaves de; Picanço, Yuri Vieira Cunha; Cordeiro, Rossana de Aguiar; Camargo, Zoilo Pires de; Queiroz, José Ájax Nogueira; Araujo, Roberto Wagner Bezerra de; Mesquita, Jacó Ricarte Lima de; Sidrim, José Júlio Costa

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762012000600017

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although multiple North American mammal species can be infected, rodents, canids, and humans are highly susceptible to succumbing to the disease, allowing infecting strains to reenter into the soil upon death ( 1 , 38 ), and therefore may be considered the most likely “vectors” of transmission of Coccidioides from one locale to another. In South America, llamas and armadillos ( 39 , 40 ) are additionally considered highly susceptible, with the latter being a known source for soil contamination and human exposure ( 41 ). The ecological importance of recent findings of infected bat populations in Brazil remains unknown ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Population Structure and Patterns of Western Hemisphere Dispersal for Coccidioides spp., the Fungal Cause of Valley Fever

Engelthaler

Roe

Hepp

et al. 2016

mBio

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Coccidioidomycosis (or valley fever) is a fungal disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects tens of thousands of people each year. This infection is caused by two sibling species, Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, which are endemic to specific arid locales throughout the Western Hemisphere, particularly the desert southwest of the United States. Recent epidemiological and population genetic data suggest that the geographic range of coccidioidomycosis is expanding, as new endemic clusters have been identified in the state of Washington, well outside the established endemic range. The genetic mechanisms and epidemiological consequences of this expansion are unknown and require better understanding of the population structure and evolutionary history of these pathogens. Here we performed multiple phylogenetic inference and population genomics analyses of 68 new and 18 previously published genomes. The results provide evidence of substantial population structure in C. posadasii and demonstrate the presence of distinct geographic clades in central and southern Arizona as well as dispersed populations in Texas, Mexico, South America, and Central America. Although a smaller number of C. immitis strains were included in the analyses, some evidence of phylogeographic structure was also detected in this species, which has been historically limited to California and Baja, Mexico. Bayesian analyses indicated that C. posadasii is the more ancient of the two species and that Arizona contains the most diverse subpopulations. We propose a southern Arizona-northern Mexico origin for C. posadasii and describe a pathway for dispersal and distribution out of this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Population Structure and Patterns of Western Hemisphere Dispersal for Coccidioides spp., the Fungal Cause of Valley Fever

Engelthaler

Roe

Hepp

et al. 2016

mBio

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“…The three patients have presumably been infected at the same time, around 11 days after an armadillo ( Dasypus novemcynctus ) hunting in rural areas of Pernambuco State. Armadillos are known to be reservoir for Coccidioides 3 .…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disseminated infections can occur, especially in immunocompromised individuals 2 . Notably in Brazil, there is a strong association between hunting armadillo and CDM 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidioidomycosis: first cases reported in Pernambuco, Brazil

Araújo

Souza

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. These fungi are known to thrive in desert climate. Fungi produce infectious arthroconidia in soil, they are aerosolized in the air and when inhaled by humans, usually cause infections such as pneumonia. The first cases of coccidioidomycosis in Brazil were reported in 1978. Since then, there have been other reports mainly from desert regions of Northeastern Brazil. The present report describes three cases of coccidioidomycosis on male farmers from Serra Talhada county, Pernambuco State, who developed pneumonia and were subsequently diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. These three farmers were successfully treated with oral fluconazole. They reported having hunted armadillos in a rural and arid area of Pernambuco State. Armadillos are known to be carriers of Coccidioides. This is the first report of infection caused by Coccidioides in Pernambuco State, Brazil.

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“…Several studies have confirmed the importance of armadillo burrows in the ecology of Coccidioides spp. especially in Northeastern Brazil [20,21]. There are also reported cases of coccidioidomycosis associated with contact with rodent burrows [22].…”

Section: Taxonomy Morphology and Eco-epidemiologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidioidomycosis and Histoplasmosis in Equines: An Overview to Support the Accurate Diagnosis

Brilhante

Bittencourt

Lima

et al. 2016

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Fungal infections of the respiratory tract of horses are not as frequent as those of bacterial and viral origin, often leading to worsening of clinical conditions due to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment. Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are systemic mycoses caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides spp. and Histoplasma capsulatum, respectively, which affect humans and a variety of other animals, including equines. These systemic mycoses of chronic and progressive nature can exhibit clinical manifestations similar to other microbial infections. Thus, this article broadly discusses the epidemiology, etiology, virulence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment, and diagnostic strategies of coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, to support accurate diagnosis.

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Coccidioidomycosis in armadillo hunters from the state of Ceará, Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Local Population Structure and Patterns of Western Hemisphere Dispersal for Coccidioides spp., the Fungal Cause of Valley Fever

Local Population Structure and Patterns of Western Hemisphere Dispersal for Coccidioides spp., the Fungal Cause of Valley Fever

Coccidioidomycosis: first cases reported in Pernambuco, Brazil

Coccidioidomycosis and Histoplasmosis in Equines: An Overview to Support the Accurate Diagnosis

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