Early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in newborn infants using IgG subclasses against two Toxoplasma gondii recombinant proteins

Diagnosing congenital toxoplasmosis: where are we? A systematic review

“…Table 1 provides an overview of all studies included in the final sample and of all data elements used during the data analysis process. The 41 studies were distributed into the previously determined three categories as follows: DIAGNOSTIC METHODS [2,4,5,8,9,12,14,16,17,20,25,27,29,32,34,35,37,41,42 (nineteen studies)]; DIAGNOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN [ 3,7,10,14,25,27,35,42,46,50,51,53, 59 thirteen studies)]; DIAGNOSIS IN NEONATES [7,8,11,20,61,64,65,67,68,70,71,72 (twelve studies)] and DIAGNOSIS IN INFANTS [1,3,5,9,11,12,20,27,…”

“…Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan of a het-eroxenic life-cycle that is capable of infecting a variety of warm-blooded vertebrates [1]. Primary infection is most often asymptomatic in healthy individuals, and a symptom free chronic infection is established.…”

What do anti‐Toxoplasma gondii IgA and IgG subclasses in human saliva indicate?

“…In the present study, we evaluated saliva as an alternative, noninvasive sample to detect IgA, IgG and the 4 IgG subclasses of anti-T. gondii-specific abs, as we have previously observed that their serum pattern in maternal/offspring pairs may reflect the clinical status of congenitally infected newborns, as it has been corroborated by others. [20][21][22] Additionally, the predominant Ig class is associated with prognosis in acquired toxoplasmosis. 4 Previous reports have shown that anti-T. gondii IgG, IgM and IgA abs are present in saliva.…”

“…The main finding was that IgG1 abs were predominant and long‐lasting. More recently, we and other groups have found that specific serum IgG subclasses are useful to confirm congenital infection and may be associated with clinical problems in the newborns …”

“…More recently, we and other groups have found that specific serum IgG subclasses are useful to confirm congenital infection and may be associated with clinical problems in the newborns. [20][21][22] To determine whether specific abs of different subclasses can be found in saliva and reflect those of serum, we tested paired samples from women. We found surprising results about the local response, which we think deserve attention from scientists interested in mucosal immune response against parasites.…”