Population biology of Toxoplasma gondii: what's out and where did they come from

Dubey, J. P.; Su, Chunlei

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762009000200011

Cited by 72 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of great interest due to its impact on public health and that can be transmitted through consumption of raw or undercooked meat (DUBEY & SU, 2009). T. gondii infections in equines have been reported in Brazil, with variable antibody detection rates (DUBEY et al, 1999a;RIBEIRO et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies against Apicomplexa protozoa and absence sarcocysts in heart tissues from horses in southern Brazil

Portella

Cadore²,

Sangioni³

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp., and Toxoplasma gondii are Apicomplexa protozoa that can infect horses. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of antibodies against Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp., and T. gondii in horses slaughtered in southern Brazil. The presence of histological lesions, tissue cysts, and Sarcocystis spp. DNA in the hearts of these horses was also investigated. A total of 197 paired serum and heart samples were evaluated by serology and direct microscopic examination; 50 of these samples were subjected to histopathological and PCR analyses. Antibodies against at least one of the protozoa were detected in 146 (74.1%) of the serum samples. The frequencies of positive serology were: 36% (71/197) against Sarcocystis spp., 39.1% (77/197) against Neospora spp., and 47.2% (93/197) against T. gondii. No cysts, Sarcocystis spp. DNA, or histopathological lesions were observed in myocardial tissue samples. The frequencies of antibody seropositivity against Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp., and T. gondii showed that horses are frequently infected by these parasites in southern Brazil. The absence of sarcocysts in horse tissues is compatible with their role as aberrant/accidental hosts in the life cycle of Sarcocystis spp.. Keywords: Accidental hosts, epidemiology, Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp., Toxoplasma gondii. ResumoSarcocystis spp., Neospora spp. e Toxoplasma gondii são protozoários que pertencem ao filo Apicomplexa e que podem afetar equinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp. e T. gondii. A presença de lesões histológicas, cistos teciduais e DNA de Sarcocystis spp. no miocárdio de equinos abatidos no sul do Brasil também foi investigado. Um total de 197 amostras de soro juntamente com as respectivas amostras de coração, foram avaliadas por sorologia e exame microscópico direto. Destas amostras, 50 foram selecionadas e submetidas a análise histopatológica e PCR. Anticorpos contra pelo menos um dos protozoários foi detectado em 146 (74,1%) das amostras de soro. As frequências de sorologia positiva foram: 36% (71/197) para Sarcocystis spp., 39,1% (77/197) para Neospora spp. e 47,2% (93/197) para T. gondii. Não foram encontradas lesões histopatológicas, cistos e DNA de Sarcocystis spp. nas amostras de miocárdio dos equinos. As frequências de soropositividade para Sarcocystis spp., Neospora spp. e T. gondii mostra que os equinos podem ser frequentemente infectados por estes parasitas no sul do Brasil. A ausência de sarcocistose no coração dos equinos é compatível com seu papel como hospedeiro errático/acidental no ciclo de vida deste protozoário.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies against Apicomplexa protozoa and absence sarcocysts in heart tissues from horses in southern Brazil

Portella

Cadore²,

Sangioni³

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…RFLP markers. All 956 strains were typed using 11 previously described RFLP markers distributed across 8 of 14 chromosomes plus 1 marker for the apicoplast (25,38). Strains analyzed here were named using a convention of Tg (for T. gondii) followed by a two-letter code for host and a two-letter code for country, followed by an isolate number, or on the basis of previous studies (Dataset S2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globally diverse Toxoplasma gondii isolates comprise six major clades originating from a small number of distinct ancestral lineages

Khan

Zhou

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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329

283

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Marked phenotypic variation characterizes isolates of Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite that serves as an important experimental model for studying apicomplexan parasites. Progress in identifying the heritable basis for clinically and epidemiologically significant differences requires a robust system for describing and interpreting evolutionary subdivisions in this prevalent pathogen. To develop such a system, we have examined more than 950 isolates collected from around the world and genotyped them using three independent sets of polymorphic DNA markers, sampling 30 loci distributed across all nuclear chromosomes as well as the plastid genome. Our studies reveal a biphasic pattern consisting of regions in the Northern Hemisphere where a few, highly clonal and abundant lineages predominate; elsewhere, and especially in portions of South America are characterized by a diverse assemblage of less common genotypes that show greater evidence of recombination. Clustering methods were used to organize the marked genetic diversity of 138 unique genotypes into 15 haplogroups that collectively define six major clades. Analysis of gene flow indicates that a small number of ancestral lineages gave rise to the existing diversity through a process of limited admixture. Identification of reference strains for these major groups should facilitate future studies on comparative genomics and identification of genes that control important biological phenotypes including pathogenesis and transmission.

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“…However, it has recently been shown that there is significantly more genetic diversity in isolates from Brazil [29]. In one recent study, viable T. gondii isolates recovered from tissues of five to seven naturally infected cats from St Kitts, West Indies, had mixed infections with different genotypes [30]. The work indicated that the environment there was already contaminated with T. gondii oocysts shed by seropositive cats, suggesting that, in St Kitts at least, there is perhaps a high percentage of mixed infections in feral cats.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Treatment Of Infection In Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii: epidemiology, feline clinical aspects, and prevention

Elmore

Jones

Conrad

et al. 2010

Trends in Parasitology

405

326

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Population biology of Toxoplasma gondii: what's out and where did they come from

Cited by 72 publications

References 19 publications

Antibodies against Apicomplexa protozoa and absence sarcocysts in heart tissues from horses in southern Brazil

Antibodies against Apicomplexa protozoa and absence sarcocysts in heart tissues from horses in southern Brazil

Globally diverse Toxoplasma gondii isolates comprise six major clades originating from a small number of distinct ancestral lineages

Toxoplasma gondii: epidemiology, feline clinical aspects, and prevention

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