[No Title Available]

Shaw, Jeffrey Jon

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762007000500001

Cited by 86 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…These results raise questions on (i) the identity of the Mexican strains that displayed restriction patterns that were not compatible with any of the restriction patterns of the reference strains used in this study but suggesting coinfections, (ii) the pathogenicity of these strains, and (iii) their geographic distribution [23]. In order to answer these questions and to establish the identity of the Mexican Leishmania strains and their geographical distribution, it would be necessary, following the methodology developed by Van der et al [24], to analyze several single-locus markers sequencing of the Mexican Leishmania strains from most of the endemic areas of Mexico and from patients with all the clinical manifestations of CL (LCL, MCL, and DCL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization ofLeishmaniain Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast

Monroy-Ostria¹,

Nasereddin

Monteón

et al. 2014

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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American cutaneous leishmaniasis includes a spectrum of clinical forms localized cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis which can be caused by different strains of Leishmania belonging to the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes which may coexist in the same endemic area. We evaluated the PCR-RFLP assay of the ITS1 genes for direct identification of Leishmania species in 163 clinical samples and 21 Mexican isolates of Leishmania. In relation to the Mexican isolates of Leishmania 52% displayed a pattern similar to the L. (L.) mexicana, 5% showed a mixed pattern compatible with L. (L.) mexicana and L. (V.) braziliensis, eight with L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) mexicana, and one to L. (V.) braziliensis. Most of the clinical samples, 109/116 (94%), gave a pattern similar to that of the L. mexicana, two clinical samples gave similar patterns to that of Leishmania braziliensis, and 5 samples gave patterns that suggest a coinfection of L. (L.) mexicana and L. (V.) braziliensis or L. (L.) mexicana and L. (L.) amazonensis. The ITS1 PCR-RFLP assay is a multipurpose tool for diagnosis of Leishmania from clinical samples and enables determination of the infecting species of New World Leishmania in the field in relatively short time and low cost.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization ofLeishmaniain Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast

Monroy-Ostria¹,

Nasereddin

Monteón

et al. 2014

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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“…“Cured” patients have been reported to become parasite positive again 1-30 years after treatment. [19] Vaccine development continues, but at present, no effective vaccine is commercially available. Therefore, prevention of exposure to infected sand flies is a primary means of interrupting disease transmission.…”

Section: The Parasite and Clinical Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and control of leishmaniasis vectors

Claborn

2010

J Global Infect Dis

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Vector control remains a key component of many anti-leishmaniasis programs and probably will remain so until an effective vaccine becomes available. Technologies similar to those used for control of adult mosquitoes, specifically interior residual sprays and insecticide-treated nets, are currently at the forefront as disease control measures. This article provides a review of literature on the biology and control of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis in the context of changing disease risks and the realities of modern vector control. The Literature Retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC, was the primary search engine used to review the literature.

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“…The parasite is transmitted through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. The prevalence of VL has been expanding throughout the world [1], and Brazil is one of six countries that account for 90% of all recorded human VL cases worldwide [2]. VL is the most severe clinical manifestation of Leishmania infection and it has high lethality in cases without suitable treatment [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Skin and Conjunctival Swab Samples for the Detection and Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA in an Endemic Urban Area in Brazil

et al. 2012

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Background We evaluated kDNA PCR/hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the gene of DNA polymerase of Leishmania infantum for CVL diagnosis and assessment of parasite load in clinical samples obtained invasively and non-invasively. Methodology/Principal Findings Eighty naturally infected dogs from an endemic urban area in Brazil were used. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of CVL clinical sings. Skin biopsies, bone marrow, blood and conjunctival swabs samples were collected and submitted to L. infantum DNA detection. In addition, anti- Leishmania antibody titers were measured by Immunofluorescence antibody test. The symptomatic dogs had increased titers compared to asymptomatic dogs (P = 0.025). The frequencies of positive results obtained by kDNA PCR/hybridization for asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs, respectively, were as follows: right conjunctiva, 77.5% and 95.0%; left conjunctiva, 75.0% and 87.5%; skin, 45.0% and 75.0%; bone marrow, 50.0% and 77.5%; and blood, 27.5% and 22.5%. In both groups, the parasite load in the skin samples was the highest (P<0.0001). The parasite loads in the conjunctival swab and bone marrow samples were statistically equivalent within each group. The parasite burden in conjunctival swabs was higher in the dogs with clinical signs than in asymptomatic dogs (P = 0.028). This same relationship was also observed in the bone marrow samples (P = 0.002). No differences in amastigotes load in the skin were detected between the groups. Conclusions The conjunctival swab is a suitable clinical sample for qualitative molecular diagnosis of CVL. The highest parasite burdens were detected in skin regardless of the presence of VL-associated clinical signs. The qPCR results emphasized the role of dogs, particularly asymptomatic dogs, as reservoirs for CVL because of the high cutaneous parasite loads. These results may help to explain the maintenance of high transmission rates and numbers of CVL cases in endemic urban regions.

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[No Title Available]

Cited by 86 publications

References 62 publications

ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization ofLeishmaniain Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast

ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization ofLeishmaniain Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast

The biology and control of leishmaniasis vectors

Canine Skin and Conjunctival Swab Samples for the Detection and Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA in an Endemic Urban Area in Brazil

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