The biology and control of leishmaniasis vectors

Claborn, David M.

doi:10.4103/0974-777x.62866

Cited by 80 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Topno and others 27 found that 13% of neighbors of VL cases were seropositive for leishmaniasis without showing symptoms. 15,28 In South Asia, it has been reported that living close to a previous case of VL strongly increases the risk of contracting the disease as well as acquiring a subclinical infection. 22 However, given the results and the clustering of many cases both related and unrelated, it is possible that the grouping of cases is a result of pockets of parasite activity and not the sand fly vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 VL is characterized by symptoms of fever, weight loss, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, skin darkening, and anemia. 5,14 Claborn 15 reported that cured patients, those patients experiencing no symptoms, could test parasite-positive again at any point from 1 to 30 years after treatment of VL. After diagnosis and confirmation of VL, various treatment options exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Visceral Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Saran District of Bihar, India, from 2009 to July of 2011

Perry¹,

Dixon

Garlapati³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. India is one of three countries that account for an estimated 300,000 of 500,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occurring annually. Bihar State is the most affected area of India, with more than 90% of the cases. Surveys were conducted in two villages within the Saran district of Bihar, India, from 2009 to July of 2011 to assess risk factors associated with VL. Forty-five cases were identified, and individuals were given an oral survey. The results indicated that men contracted the disease more than women (58%), and cases over the age of 21 years accounted for 42% of the total VL cases. April to June showed the highest number of new cases. Of 135 households surveyed for sleeping conditions, 95% reported sleeping outside, and 98% slept in beds. Proximity to VL cases was the greatest risk factor (cluster 1 relative risk = 11.89 and cluster 2 relative risk = 138.34). The VL case clustering observed in this study can be incorporated in disease prevention strategies to more efficiently and effectively target VL control efforts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Saran District of Bihar, India, from 2009 to July of 2011

Perry¹,

Dixon

Garlapati³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The complexity of leishmania transmission lays on its involvement of various mammalian hosts, ranging from small rodents to big domestic animals, as reservoir hosts [57]. Human imposed environmental changes result in the modification of the micro-ecology of the parasite, the vector and the reservoir host favoring the higher transmission of leishmaniasis in areas [58]. Human activities such as deforestation, agricultural development and settlements near forested areas and domestication of animals are reasons for occurrence of both zoonotic and anthroponotic transmissions of leishmaniasis [59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis: A Review on Parasite, Vector and Reservoir Host

Alemayehu¹,

Alemayehu²

2017

Health Sci J

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease is caused by different species of Leishmania, and it is manifested by three major clinical forms namely cutaneous, muco-cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. This review is aimed to address briefly the parasite, the vector and the reservoir aspects in transmission of leishmaniasis in different regions of the world. The complexity of transmission of the disease lays on the complex life cycle of the parasite which involves sand fly vectors and mammalian reservoirs. The transmission can either be zoonotic and/or anthroponotic through the bite of an infected female sand fly. There is uneven global distribution of the disease often because of the various distribution patterns of the parasite, the vector and the reservoir host species. Various sand fly species in the genus Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are responsible for transmission of leishmaniasis in the old and new worlds. Animal reservoirs are important for maintaining infections in various areas, and hence are important for zoonotic and rural/sylvatic transmission of the disease. A high prevalence of infection has been reported from small to large domestic and wild mammals. Control and elimination of leishmaniasis require detection of human and animal cases, identification of reservoir hosts, and implementation of effective vector control strategies in areas.

show abstract

“…Several conventional control strategies have been developed for control of leishmaniasis spread. They are broadly classified into-(a) vector-based control methods: Methods like insecticide and residual sprays, sandfly repellents, barrier for sandfly bites through appropriate netting and clothing provide control through either elimination of vector populations or barrier for sandfly bites [10]; (b) parasite-based control methods: Treatment of leishmaniasis patients with drugs, like sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, etc. as a primary line of treatment [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Visceral Leishmaniasis Disease Transmission and its Control—A Study Based on Mathematical Modeling

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Understanding the transmission and control of visceral leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease that manifests in human and animals, still remains a challenging problem globally. To study the nature of disease spread, we have developed a compartment-based mathematical model of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis transmission among three different populations-human, animal and sandfly; dividing the human class into asymptomatic, symptomatic, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and transiently infected. We analyzed this large model for positivity, boundedness and stability around steady states in different diseased and disease-free scenarios and derived the analytical expression for basic reproduction number (R0). Sensitive parameters for each infected population were identified and varied to observe their effects on the steady state. Epidemic threshold R0 was calculated for every parameter variation. Animal population was identified to play a protective role in absorbing infection, thereby controlling the disease spread in human. To test the predictive ability of the model, seasonal fluctuation was incorporated in the birth rate of the sandflies to compare the model predictions with real data. Control scenarios on this real population data were created to predict the degree of control that can be exerted on the sensitive parameters so as to effectively reduce the infected populations. OPEN ACCESSMathematics 2015, 3 914

show abstract

The biology and control of leishmaniasis vectors

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Visceral Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Saran District of Bihar, India, from 2009 to July of 2011

Visceral Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Saran District of Bihar, India, from 2009 to July of 2011

Leishmaniasis: A Review on Parasite, Vector and Reservoir Host

Understanding Visceral Leishmaniasis Disease Transmission and its Control—A Study Based on Mathematical Modeling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About