Serological survey of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle from the semi-arid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

Molecular and serological prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle of North Central Morocco

“…Cattle of all ages are susceptible to anaplasmosis but the severity of the infection is directly related to age, with older animals suffering more severe clinical disease. Indeed, in this survey prevalence in young animals was similar to older animals consistent with previous reports in Costa Rica (Pérez et al, 1994;Herrero et al, 1998) and Brazil (Barros et al, 2005). Young animals probably become infected early, develop immunity and serve as reservoirs of infection for other animals (Herrero et al, 1998).…”

Detection of antibodies against Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in calves from the region of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, Brazil

“…The clinical signs of the disease are fever, anemia, anorexia, lethargy, ataxia, tachypnea, hemoglobinuria, and muscle tremors (GUGLIELMONE, 1995;SOARES et al, 2000;SILVA et al, 2007;SINGH et al, 2009). The economic importance of this disease is due to the high animal morbidity and mortality especially among calves, and to its effects on weight gain and milk production, leading to the use of costly disease control and prevention measures (MARTINS et al, 1996;GRISI et al, 2002;BARROS et al, 2005).…”

“…In Brazil, these regions are considered restricted (KESSLER et al, 1987). The areas of enzootic instability occur in climate conditions and/or in livestock management situations that affect tick vector reproduction (KESSLER et al, 1983;BARROS et al, 2005;FOLLY et al, 2009). Animals that had no contact with the pathogen in the first months of life are more susceptible to the disease, especially when transported to areas considered to be of enzootic stability for babesiosis (SANTOS et al, 2001).…”

IgG and IgG2 antibodies from cattle naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale recognize the recombinant vaccine candidate antigens VirB9, VirB10, and elongation factor-Tu

“…Anaplasmosis is an important vector-borne rickettsial disease of ruminant livestock in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Palmer et al 1986), including South America (Barros et al 2005). The disease is caused by Anaplasma marginale, an ehrlichial pathogen of the genogroup II (Dumler et al 2001), and is characterized by fever, anemia, general weakness, pallor of mucous membranes, weight loss (Ajayi et al 1978), abortion (Correa et al 1978), decreased milk production, and mortality during the acute phase of infection (Palmer et al 1986).…”