Indoor air microbiological evaluation of offices, hospitals, industries, and shopping centers

Nunes, Zilma G; Martins, Alfredo S; Altoe, Ana Lúcia F; Nishikawa, Marília Martins; Leite, Marilene O; Aguiar, Paula Fernandes de; Fracalanzza, Sérgio Eduardo Longo

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762005000400003

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…This observation is different from those noted by the other authors in numerous “overground” locations where seasonal fluctuations in bioaerosol concentrations are quite typical (e.g., Górny and Dutkiewicz 2002; Jones and Harrison 2004; Lis et al 1997; Nunes et al 2005; Pastuszka et al 2000; Reponen et al 1992; Wlazło et al 2008) and may confirm curative properties of these specific underground environment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Bioaerosols of subterraneotherapy chambers at salt mine health resort

Frączek¹,

Górny

Ropek³

2013

Aerobiologia

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Nowadays, an inhalation of naturally generated aerosols has again become a widely practiced method of balneological treatment of various respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial aerosol of subterraneotherapy chambers at the Bochnia Salt Mine Health Resort in southern Poland. The measurements were carried out using a 6-stage Andersen impactor over a period of 1 year in both indoor (i.e., two subterranean chambers, where curative treatments took place) and outdoor air. The maximum bacterial aerosol concentrations in the chambers reached 11,688 cfu/m3. In such interiors, a high-performance method of microbial contaminant reduction need be introduced, especially when large groups of young patients are medically cured. Respecting fungal aerosol, its average indoor concentration (88 cfu/m3) was significantly lower than outdoor level (538 cfu/m3). It confirms that ventilation system provides efficient barrier against this type of biologically active propagules. Among identified micro-organisms, the most prevalent indoors were Gram-positive cocci, which constituted up to 80 % of airborne microflora. As highly adapted to the diverse environments of its human host (skin, respiratory tract), they can be easily released in high quantities into the air. The number of people introduced into such subterranean chambers should be in some way limited. The analysis of microclimate parameters revealed that temperature and relative humidity influenced significantly the level of bacterial aerosol only. Hence, a constant control of these parameters should be scrupulously superintended at this type of subterranean premises.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Bioaerosols of subterraneotherapy chambers at salt mine health resort

Frączek¹,

Górny

Ropek³

2013

Aerobiologia

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“…Operation theatre, delivery room, and intensive care unit are settings where patients are at a greater risk than the outside environment and could be polluted with bacterial pathogens released into it from various sources [6]. Environmental surface reservoirs like floors, the number of visitors, extent of indoor traffic, time of day and the number of materials brought in from outside and antibiotic resistance aggravate the extent of air bacterial microbiota [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistant airborne bacteria and their multidrug resistance pattern at University teaching referral Hospital in South Ethiopia

Solomon

Wadilo

Arota

et al. 2017

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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BackgroundHospitals provide a reservoir of microorganisms, many of which are multi-resistant to antibiotics. Emergence of multi-drug resistant strains in a hospital environment, particularly in developing countries is an increasing problem to infection treatment. This study aims at assessing antibiotic resistant airborne bacterial isolates.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo university teaching and referral Hospital. Indoor air samples were collected by using passive air sampling method. Sample processing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done following standard bacteriological techniques. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsMedically important bacterial pathogens, Coagulase negative staphylococci (29.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (26.3%), Enterococci species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (16.5%), Acinetobacter species (9.5%), Escherichia coli (5.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3%) were isolated. Antibiotic resistance rate ranging from 7.5 to 87.5% was detected for all isolates. Acinetobacter species showed a high rate of resistance for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin (78.2%) and ciprofloxacin (82.6%), 28 (38.9%) of S. aureus isolates were meticillin resistant, and 7.5% Enterococci isolates of were vancomycin resistant. 75.3% of all bacterial pathogen were multi-drug resistant. Among them, 74.6% were gram positive and 84% were gram negative. Multi-drug resistance were observed among 84.6% of P. aeruginosa, of 82.5% Enterococcii, E. coli 78.6%, S. aureus 76.6%, and Coagulase negative staphylococci of 73.6%.ConclusionsIndoor environment of the hospital was contaminated with airborne microbiotas, which are common cause of post-surgical site infection in the study area. Bacterial isolates were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics with high multi-drug resistance percentage. So air quality of hospital environment, in restricted settings deserves attention, and requires long-term surveillance to protect both patients and healthcare workers.

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“…10 Different countries (Finland, Belgium, Brazil) have tried to define guidelines to quantify what levels of fungi are considered as inappropriate for dwellings for various kinds of patients compared to the healthy population. 13 However, in Brazil, 14,15 two texts from the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) from 2000 16 based on classifying moldy surface areas (>3 m² required remediation) and listing at-risk fungi, but no threshold was defined for culture analysis at that time. 11,12 In 2017, the Belgian Ministry of Health noticed that for each of its three regions (Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels) there were different criteria to characterize dwellings at risk, but none of them had been chosen as a reference because they were considered unusable (www.health.belgium.be).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of 1012 moldy dwellings by culture fungal analysis: Threshold proposal for asthmatic patient management

et al. 2018

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Different countries have tried to define guidelines to quantify what levels of fungi are considered as inappropriate for housing. This retrospective study analyzes indoor fungi by cultures of airborne samples from 1012 dwellings. Altogether, 908 patients suffering from rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma were compared to 104 controls free of allergies. Portuguese decree law no 118/2013 (PDL118), ANSES (a French environmental and health agency) recommendations, and health regulations of Besançon University Hospital were applied to determine the rates of non‐conforming dwellings, which were respectively 55.2%, 5.2%, and 19%. Environmental microbiological results and medical data were compared. The whole number of colonies per cubic meter of air was correlated with asthma (P < 0.001) and rhinitis (P = 0.002). Sixty‐seven genera and species were detected in bedrooms. Asthma was correlated to Aspergillus versicolor (P = 0.004) and Cladosporium spp. (P = 0.02). Thresholds of 300 cfu/m3 for A. versicolor or 495 cfu/m3 for Cladosporium spp. are able to discriminate 90% of the asthmatic dwellings. We propose a new protocol to obtain an optimal cost for indoor fungi surveys, excluding surface analyses, and a new guideline to interpret the results based on >1000 cfu/m3 of whole colonies and/or above threshold levels for A. versicolor or Cladosporium spp.

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Indoor air microbiological evaluation of offices, hospitals, industries, and shopping centers

Abstract: In this study it was compared the MAS-100 and the

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Bioaerosols of subterraneotherapy chambers at salt mine health resort

Bioaerosols of subterraneotherapy chambers at salt mine health resort

Antibiotic resistant airborne bacteria and their multidrug resistance pattern at University teaching referral Hospital in South Ethiopia

Survey of 1012 moldy dwellings by culture fungal analysis: Threshold proposal for asthmatic patient management

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