Alteration in the endogenous intestinal flora of swiss webster mice by experimental Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection

Nobre, Vandack; Serufo, José Carlos; Carvalho, Omar dos Santos; Mendonça, Cristiane L. G. F.; Santos, Simone Gonçalves dos; Mota, Eduardo; Gomes, Daniel; Braga, Emanuella; Antunes, Carlos; Lenzi, Henrique Leonel; Lambertucci, José Roberto

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762004000700009

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…infectious enteric diseases. For example, during infections with T. gondii a strong increase in Gram-negative bacteria leads to an aggravated intestinal Th1 immunopathology [21], but in experimental Angiostrongylus infection only insignificant increases in these bacteria could be detected [26]. Our studies showed no changes in Gram-positive bacteria but we could detect, albeit insignificantly, variations in Gram-negative bacteria from the fifth week of infection (Supporting information, Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Lack of host gut microbiota alters immune responses and intestinal granuloma formation during schistosomiasis

Holzscheiter

Layland

Loffredo-Verde

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryFatalities from schistosome infections arise due to granulomatous, immunemediated responses to eggs that become trapped in host tissues. Schistosome-specific immune responses are characterized by initial T helper type 1 (Th1) responses and our previous studies demonstrated that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88)-deficient mice failed to initiate such responses in vivo. Paradoxically, schistosomal antigens fail to stimulate innate cells to release proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Since Schistosoma mansoni infection is an intestinal disease, we hypothesized that commensal bacteria could act as bystander activators of the intestinal innate immune system to instigate Th1 responses. Using a broad spectrum of orally administered antibiotics and anti-mycotics we analysed schistosome-infected mice that were simultaneously depleted of gut bacteria. After depletion there was significantly less inflammation in the intestine, which was accompanied by decreased intestinal granuloma development. In contrast, liver pathology remained unaltered. In addition, schistosome-specific immune responses were skewed and faecal egg excretion was diminished. This study demonstrates that host microbiota can act as a third partner in instigating helminth-specific immune responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Lack of host gut microbiota alters immune responses and intestinal granuloma formation during schistosomiasis

Holzscheiter

Layland

Loffredo-Verde

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…For example, the impact of gut microflora on the host metabolism needs no additional ''justification'', nor the fact that parasitic infections directly affect the symbiotic mammalian-microbial equilibrium. 35 Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in the stool are common symptoms of intestinal schistosomiasis. Under such circumstances changes in the concentration of ''mammalianmicrobial co-metabolites'', 36 usually reflected in alteration of urinary aromatic compounds such as hippurate or/and phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), are to be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabonomic investigation of human Schistosoma mansoni infection

et al. 2011

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that is endemic in many developing countries in the tropics and subtropics afflicting more than 207 million people primarily in rural areas. After malaria, it is the second most important parasitic infection in terms of socio-economic and public health. Investigation of the host-parasite interaction at the molecular level and identification of biomarkers of infection and infection-related morbidity would be of value for improved strategies for treatment and morbidity control. To this end, we conducted a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabonomics study involving a well-characterized cohort of 447 individuals from a rural area in Uganda near Lake Victoria with a high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, a species predominantly occurring in Africa including Madagascar and parts of South America. Cohort samples were collected from individuals at five time-points, before and after (one or two times) chemotherapy with praziquantel (PZQ). Using supervised multivariate statistical analysis of the recorded one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectra, we were able to discriminate infected from uninfected individuals in two age groups (children and adults) based on differences in their urinary profiles. The potential molecular markers of S. mansoni infection were found to be primarily linked to changes in gut microflora, energy metabolism and liver function. These findings are in agreement with data from earlier studies on S. mansoni infection in experimental animals and thus provide corroborating evidence for the existence of metabolic response specific for this infection.

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“…costaricensis for ON, and this may be explained by factors other than genetic variation in rodent strains or humoral immune reactivity. For example, it has been shown that microbiota modifications associated with A. costaricensis infections may predispose a host to mucosal damage and septicaemia (Nobre et al ., 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating host–parasite co-adaptation relationships involving Angiostrongylus costaricensis

et al. 2017

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Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a parasite that infects rodents, including the wild cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus and pygmy rice rats Oligoryzomys spp., among others. However, urban Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus have not been identified as important hosts of A. costaricensis. In this study, Swiss mice (SW), Wistar R. norvegicus (RN), wild Oligoryzomys nigripes (ON) and a local strain of M. musculus (RGS) were experimentally infected with A. costaricensis. Survival, elimination of L1 (total sum per group, A0), and the number of adult worms recovered divided by the dose of each L3 inoculum (yield ratio, YR) were examined for each group after a 40-day post-infection period. The survival rates, A0 and YR values were: 27%, 207,589 and 0.42 for the SW group; 81%, 8691 and 0.01 for the RN group; and 63.6%, 26,560 and 0.16 for the RGS group, respectively, in each case. The survival rate for the ON group was 100% and the A0 value was 847,050. A YR was not calculated for the ON group since the ON group was maintained up to 565 days post-infection (pi) to examine long-term mortality. At 500 days pi (16 months), 50% of the ON group had died, while one animal (10%) survived 595 days pi (20 months). Taken together, these data indicate that A. costaricensis has undergone a greater degree of adaptation to the wild rodent, O. nigripes, than to R. norvegicus or a local M. musculus strain. In addition, titre curve (A0) modelling of adaptation status proved to be useful in evaluating A. costaricensis-rodent interactions.

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Alteration in the endogenous intestinal flora of swiss webster mice by experimental Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection

Abstract: The association between worm infections and bacterial diseases has only recently been emphasized. This study examined the effect of experimental

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Lack of host gut microbiota alters immune responses and intestinal granuloma formation during schistosomiasis

Lack of host gut microbiota alters immune responses and intestinal granuloma formation during schistosomiasis

Metabonomic investigation of human Schistosoma mansoni infection

Evaluating host–parasite co-adaptation relationships involving Angiostrongylus costaricensis

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