Intestinal coccidia in Cuban pediatric patients with diarrhea

Núñez, Fidel A.; González, OM; González, Itzı́ar; Escobedo, AA; Cordoví, R. A.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762003000400021

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium infections among Cuban children (aged 2–8 years) with diarrhoea, were described by Pelayo et al, 2008 [ 268 ]. In this study, in contrast with a previous report on intestinal coccidia in Cuban pediatric patients [ 290 ], differences in symptoms were detected, possibly age-related.…”

Section: Cryptosporidiosis In Childrencontrasting

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Putignani

Menichella

2010

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

184

159

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Cryptosporidium spp. are coccidians, oocysts-forming apicomplexan protozoa, which complete their life cycle both in humans and animals, through zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission, causing cryptosporidiosis. The global burden of this disease is still underascertained, due to a conundrum transmission modality, only partially unveiled, and on a plethora of detection systems still inadequate or only partially applied for worldwide surveillance. In children, cryptosporidiosis encumber is even less recorded and often misidentified due to physiological reasons such as early-age unpaired immunological response. Furthermore, malnutrition in underdeveloped countries or clinical underestimation of protozoan etiology in developed countries contribute to the underestimation of the worldwide burden. Principal key indicators of the parasite distribution were associated to environmental (e.g., geographic and temporal clusters, etc.) and host determinants of the infection (e.g., age, immunological status, travels, community behaviours). The distribution was geographically mapped to provide an updated picture of the global parasite ecosystems. The present paper aims to provide, by a critical analysis of existing literature, a link between observational epidemiological records and new insights on public health, and diagnostic and clinical impact of cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Cryptosporidiosis In Childrencontrasting

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Putignani

Menichella

2010

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

184

159

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“…Subsequent investigations in Cuba confirmed this correlation as Cryptosporidium infections were identified amoung young children, from pre-school to 8 years, in the provinces of Ciego de Ávila and Havana (Núñez et al, 2003a;Núñez et al, 2003b;Pelayo et al, 2015). Similarly, Lindo et al…”

Section: Cryptosporidium In the Caribbeanmentioning

confidence: 85%

Detection and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium Spp. in Biofilms and Cattle Feces From the Black River Watershed, Jamaica

Morris¹

2021

Preprint

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Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes the gastrointestinal disease cryptosporidiosis. The disease is endemic in most tropical countries including Jamaica; yet underreported from environmental sources. This is of concern because the primary source of anthropocentric cryptosporidiosis is surface water contaminated by human effluent and animal waste in runoff. This dissertation therefore, focuses on three main areas of research: 1) optimization and assessment of effective methods for detecting Cryptosporidium from environmental samples; 2) application of methods to analyze biofilm and cattle feces collected from the Black River watershed, located in the rural parish of St. Elizabeth, Jamaica; 3) molecular characterization of PCR-positive detections to identify Cryptosporidium species and genotypes, thereby provide inference to waterborne transmission, mitigation, and zoonotic potential within the region. First, foundational work of this dissertation focused on the development of in situ biofilm sampling for Cryptosporidium detection. Application was then performed in the Black River network for initial screening of oocysts from biofilms collected from 5 sites, and 119 cattle fecal specimens collected from 10 farms. Multiple techniques were employed to confirm the absence or presence of Cryptosporidium, including Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and Modified Acid-Fast (MAF) microscopy, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results show that oocysts were widely dispersed in biofilms and cattle specimens. Highest prevalence was observed amoung dairy cattle compared to beef cattle, presumably due to confined space. Results also highlight inconsistencies between detection methods, confirming that from environmental sources—where inhibitors are abundant and oocysts concentrations are naturally low—a single technique may be ineffective for understanding transmission dynamics. The second part of this dissertation focused on molecular characterization. Fourteen PCR-positive biofilm and cattle samples were subjected to gene sequencing and phylogeny. A low species diversity consisting of C. parvum and C. hominis were identified; the two most common species involved in anthropocentric infections. A specific 18S rRNA isolate of C. parvum was found in both biofilm and cattle samples (with 99% identity), indicating that a geographically distinct, clonal genotype of C. parvum potentially exists within the region. Further subtyping analysis of the gp60 locus identified one C. hominis subtype (IbA9G2), formally identified in human populations worldwide. Moreover, the IbA9G2 subtype was recently linked to calf infections in France, as well as a waterborne outbreak in Germany. In conclusion, this dissertation is the first to detect and characterize Cryptosporidium species and genotypes from surface water biofilms and cattle feces in Jamaica, providing informative data pertaining to public health and animal agriculture. Moreover, this research advocates the importance of utilizing multiple detection methods and sources for effective screening of Cryptosporidium throughout the environment. Whilst meaningful interpretations of Cryptosporidium population structures are developed, useful databases can form through analyzing a well-planned set of environmental samples.

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“…17 However, studies from Nepal and Cuba have reported cyclosporiasis prevalence rates of 5% and 4.4%, respectively, from pediatric patients with diarrhea. 6,7 In a cross-sectional study in Kenya, C. belli was reported in 1.65% of children younger than 5 years of age who presented with diarrhea. 8 This probably indicates that Cyclospora cayetanensis and C. belli are opportunistic pathogens in India with a low prevalence in immunocompetent children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Studies from various countries have reported diarrhea caused by coccidian parasites in children with prevalence varying according to the geographical area. [5][6][7][8] In India, there are studies on diarrhea by coccidian parasites in adult immunocompromised patients, 9,10 and some have dwelt on prevalence of intestinal coccidian parasites causing diarrhea in children. 11,12 However, there is scanty data on the clinical and microbiology profile and treatment outcome of diarrhea caused by coccidian parasites in immunocompetent children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Microbiology Profile and Outcome of Diarrhea by Coccidian Parasites in Immunocompetent Children

Iyer¹,

Rao

Venkatalakshmi³

et al. 2015

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Intestinal coccidia in Cuban pediatric patients with diarrhea

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Detection and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium Spp. in Biofilms and Cattle Feces From the Black River Watershed, Jamaica

Clinical and Microbiology Profile and Outcome of Diarrhea by Coccidian Parasites in Immunocompetent Children

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