Molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in the state of Ceará, Northeast, Brazil

Gadelha, Sandra Rocha; Shindo, Nice; Cruz, Jurandir Ferreira da; Morgado, Mariza G.; Galvão–Castro, Bernardo

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762003000400005

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies using the same methodological approach found B" subtype frequencies ranging from 30 to 57%, depending on the geographic origin of the studied population (Covas et al 1998, Morgado et al 1998a, Gadelha et al 2003. As before, no associations between B" and the different patient exposure categories were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Despite the fact that the state of Espírito Santo has three important harbors (Vitória, Tubarão, and Capuaba), with an intense shipping activity, which could facilitate the introduction of new HIV subtypes from other regions of the world, data presented here show that the observed subtype distribution was similar to those previously reported for other Southeastern states (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), with a predominance of the B subtype . Subtype B is the most prevalent subtype in the Southeastern, Northeastern and Central-Western part of Brazil (Morgado et al 1998b, Stefani et al 2000, Gadelha et al 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human immunodeficiency virus type- 1 subtypes of infected patients in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Cabral

Cunha

Magalhaes

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus type - 1(HIV-1) is a potential threat for both diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS, as well as the development of effective vaccines. Up to now, HIV subtypes circulating among HIV-positive patients in the state of Espírito Santo were not known. In the present study, blood samples from 100 therapy-naïve HIV-1 infected patients were collected and the HIV subtype was determined through the Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA). Ninety-seven out of 100 studied samples were subtyped by HMA, 73 samples (75.2%) were from subtype B, 9 (9.3%) from subtype F, 3 (3.1%) from subtype C, 6 (6.2%) Benv/Fgag, and another 6 (6.2%) Fenv/Bgag, what suggests that recombinant viruses were present in the studied samples. Twenty-eight percent of the subtype B samples were represented by the Brazilian B" subtype, which were identified by RFLP with Fok I. Data presented here demonstrate that the epidemiological characteristics of the HIV epidemic in the state of Espírito Santo are similar to those from the other Southeastern states and helped to better understand the genetic polymorphism of HIV in Brazil

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus type- 1 subtypes of infected patients in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Cabral

Cunha

Magalhaes

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Thus it is important to monitor subtype profiles, as their distribution has local determinants, and data from one site cannot be generalized for the entire country or even for a single geographic region. HIV-1 subtype B is the most prevalent in our country, followed by subtype F1, with sporadic cases of subtypes C, D, and A (Rossini et al 2001, Gadelha et al 2003, Soares et al 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Our results reflect subtypes distribution previously observed in other Brazilian regions, as subtype B was the most prevalent (96%). The remaining two samples (4%) seem to be recombinants between subtypes B and F, what has also been described in Brazil and may explain why they do not branch with the reference samples in the phylogenetic tree (Ramos et al 1999, Gadelha et al 2003, Cerqueira et al 2004. Studies are being conducted in order to analyze subtype homologies of these samples based on additional genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil

Cerqueira

Amorim

Silva

et al. 2004

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…A study performed in Santos has reported the highest drug resistance rates in the country, with 37% among recent infections and 25% among chronic cases (Sucupira et al 2007). The predominant clade in Brazil is HIV-1 B, except in some areas in the south of the country, where clade C predominates (Bongertz et al 2000, Brindeiro et al 2003, Gadelha et al 2003, Cerqueira et al 2004 The use of the BED assay to estimate HIV incidence provides further insights into the understanding of HIV epidemic dynamics (Hall et al 2008). Along with a relatively well organised public health infrastructure, this epidemiological setting may represent an interesting environment to monitor the potential of clade C expansion in the epidemic and to study the impact of clades B and C on treatment and disease outcome.…”

Section: Regions Of the Hiv-1 Polymerase (N = 57) And Envelope (N =mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

Ferreira

Thomaz

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The Research Capacity ProgramAs in many areas of Brazil, the AIDS epidemic in Curitiba is relatively stable, but surveillance is important to support public policy. The molecular characteristics of HIV may be instrumental for monitoring epidemic trends. We evaluated plasma HIV-1 RNA (n = 37) from 38 cases presenting with positive serology, who were among 820 consenting volunteers visiting the downtown counselling and serology testing centre. Seroprevalence was 4.6% 3) and the estimated HIV incidence, as defined by the BED assay, was 2.86 persons/years ). An additional set of contemporaneous, anonymous samples from a local laboratory was also analysed (n = 20) . Regions of the HIV-1 polymerase (n = 57) and envelope (n = 34) were evaluated for subtyping, determination of mosaic structure, primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM), envelope V3 loop motifs and amino acid signatures related to viral tropism. HIV-1 clade B was observed in 53% of cases; HIV-1C in 30% and BC mosaics in 14%, with one F genome and one CF mosaic. Clade C infection was associated with recent infections among males (p < 0.03). Stanford surveillance pDRM was observed in 8.8% of sequences, with 7% showing high level resistance to at least one antiretroviral drug. Tropism for CXCR4 co-receptor was predicted in 18% of envelope sequences, which were exclusively among clade B genomes and cases with serological reactivity to chronic infection.Key words: epidemiology -antiretroviral resistance -genetic diversity -HIV-1 -tropism -BrazilUnderstanding the local HIV-1 epidemic will not only support the regional response, but it may also provide information to nationwide efforts in the fight against AIDS. The variability of HIV-1 has been an obstacle to treatment and to the development of prevention innovations such as vaccines. HIV-1 clusters phylogenetically into distinct clades (subtypes), a fact that has helped to unravel the molecular characteristics of the epidemic. In some regions, differential distribution of HIV-1 clades has been documented (Van Harmelen et al. 1997, Tovanabutra 2001, Rios et al. 2005, Ryan et al. 2007) and phylogeny may indicate the source(s) of incoming variants (Sarker 2008). Worldwide, clade C is responsible for about half of the epidemic, whereas clade B is the major variant in industrialised nations (Hemelaar et al. 2006). HIV variability may influence the performance of laboratory tools for diagnostic, monitoring and surveillance (Koch et al. 2001 (Baeten et al. 2007, Kaleebu 2007 and transmission potential (Yang et al. 2003, John-Stewart et al. 2005 have been associated to distinct HIV clades, but the actual impact of genetic diversity in HIV disease still remains uncertain (Stebbing & Moyle 2003, Hemelaar et al. 2006, Tebit et al. 2007). However, some characteristics of HIV, such as tropism to either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, seem to be associated with a distinct pattern of disease progression (Shepherd et al. 2008). Another relevant issue is the identification of primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM) among untreate...

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Molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in the state of Ceará, Northeast, Brazil

Abstract: We analyzed, by env and gag heteroduplex mobility assay, 149 human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type- 1 subtypes of infected patients in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Human immunodeficiency virus type- 1 subtypes of infected patients in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil

Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

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