Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil

Cerqueira, Daniela Marreco; Amorim, Regina Maria Santos de; Silva, Ruiter R.; Camara, Geni N. L.; Brígido, Marcelo M.; Martins, Cláudio

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762004000800016

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It was observed that a low frequency of the pure form of the subtype F and the presence of forms with high variability such as F1 and the CRFs BF and BF1, in agreement with previous studies carried out in other Brazilian regions (19,43,44). The prevalence of different subtypes may differ significantly across geographical regions, what account, in part, for the differences in estimates found in different studies.…”

Section: ------------------------------------------------------------supporting

confidence: 89%

Frequency and diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among patients from Southern Brazil failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Saad

Morimoto²,

Wiechmann³

et al. 2010

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in Brazil is spreading to small municipalities as well as the innermost parts of the country and scarce information has been reported on the frequency of HIV-1 resistanceassociated mutations in these areas. To determine the frequency and diversity of the HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance-associated mutations among patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy from Londrina in Southern Brazil, 127 HIV-1 genotyping tests that were assayed during January 2000 to July 2008 from 108 patients were evaluated. Sixty-nine patients (63.9%) were male and 39 (36.1%) were female and the age ranged from 10 to 68 years (mean, 40.8±9.2). All of them showed at least one HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance-associated mutation and in 72 (56.7%) genotyping tests, mutations for the three antiretroviral classes were detected simultaneously. Mutations associated with resistance to protease inhibitor (PI) were detected in 124 tests (97.6%), the main ones were L90M in 28 (22.0%), V82A in 27 (21.2%), M46I in 26 (20.5%), and I54V in 23 (18.1%). The main mutations associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance were M184V in 82 (64.6%), and the thymidine analog mutations were D67N in 51 (40.1%) tests, K70R in 45 (35.4%), T215Y in 40 (31.5%), and M41L in 38 (30.0%). The most frequent major mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI) were K103N in 47 (37.0%), G190A in 11 (8.7%), and G190S in 2 (2.6%) tests. Mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to NRTI and IP simultaneously were observed in 46 (36.2%) tests. The results obtained may contribute to the improvement of the treatment strategies and the management of the antiretroviral drug therapy of HIV-1-infected patients from this Brazilian region, reducing public costs for antiretroviral drugs which have not been efficient in therapy.

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confidence: 89%

Frequency and diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among patients from Southern Brazil failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Saad

Morimoto²,

Wiechmann³

et al. 2010

Int J Mol Med

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“…The same is true in other regions of the country (Gadelha et al 2003, Cerqueira et al 2004, Stefani et al 2007) and elsewhere in South America (Hemellar et al 2004, Montano et al 2005, with the exception of Argentina, where BF recombinants predominate. The local molecular epidemiology scenario is more comparable to other cities in south Brazil, where clade C predominates (Martinez et al 2002, Soares et al 2005, Rodrigues et al 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…A study performed in Santos has reported the highest drug resistance rates in the country, with 37% among recent infections and 25% among chronic cases (Sucupira et al 2007). The predominant clade in Brazil is HIV-1 B, except in some areas in the south of the country, where clade C predominates (Bongertz et al 2000, Brindeiro et al 2003, Gadelha et al 2003, Cerqueira et al 2004 The use of the BED assay to estimate HIV incidence provides further insights into the understanding of HIV epidemic dynamics (Hall et al 2008). Along with a relatively well organised public health infrastructure, this epidemiological setting may represent an interesting environment to monitor the potential of clade C expansion in the epidemic and to study the impact of clades B and C on treatment and disease outcome.…”

Section: Regions Of the Hiv-1 Polymerase (N = 57) And Envelope (N =mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study performed in Santos has reported the highest drug resistance rates in the country, with 37% among recent infections and 25% among chronic cases (Sucupira et al 2007). The predominant clade in Brazil is HIV-1 B, except in some areas in the south of the country, where clade C predominates (Bongertz et al 2000, Brindeiro et al 2003, Gadelha et al 2003, Cerqueira et al 2004, Barreto et al 2006, Rodrigues et al 2006, Stefani et al 2007). Moreover, different recombinant forms have been described in Brazil, including a BC mosaic, CRF31_BC (Santos et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

Ferreira

Thomaz

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The Research Capacity ProgramAs in many areas of Brazil, the AIDS epidemic in Curitiba is relatively stable, but surveillance is important to support public policy. The molecular characteristics of HIV may be instrumental for monitoring epidemic trends. We evaluated plasma HIV-1 RNA (n = 37) from 38 cases presenting with positive serology, who were among 820 consenting volunteers visiting the downtown counselling and serology testing centre. Seroprevalence was 4.6% 3) and the estimated HIV incidence, as defined by the BED assay, was 2.86 persons/years ). An additional set of contemporaneous, anonymous samples from a local laboratory was also analysed (n = 20) . Regions of the HIV-1 polymerase (n = 57) and envelope (n = 34) were evaluated for subtyping, determination of mosaic structure, primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM), envelope V3 loop motifs and amino acid signatures related to viral tropism. HIV-1 clade B was observed in 53% of cases; HIV-1C in 30% and BC mosaics in 14%, with one F genome and one CF mosaic. Clade C infection was associated with recent infections among males (p < 0.03). Stanford surveillance pDRM was observed in 8.8% of sequences, with 7% showing high level resistance to at least one antiretroviral drug. Tropism for CXCR4 co-receptor was predicted in 18% of envelope sequences, which were exclusively among clade B genomes and cases with serological reactivity to chronic infection.Key words: epidemiology -antiretroviral resistance -genetic diversity -HIV-1 -tropism -BrazilUnderstanding the local HIV-1 epidemic will not only support the regional response, but it may also provide information to nationwide efforts in the fight against AIDS. The variability of HIV-1 has been an obstacle to treatment and to the development of prevention innovations such as vaccines. HIV-1 clusters phylogenetically into distinct clades (subtypes), a fact that has helped to unravel the molecular characteristics of the epidemic. In some regions, differential distribution of HIV-1 clades has been documented (Van Harmelen et al. 1997, Tovanabutra 2001, Rios et al. 2005, Ryan et al. 2007) and phylogeny may indicate the source(s) of incoming variants (Sarker 2008). Worldwide, clade C is responsible for about half of the epidemic, whereas clade B is the major variant in industrialised nations (Hemelaar et al. 2006). HIV variability may influence the performance of laboratory tools for diagnostic, monitoring and surveillance (Koch et al. 2001 (Baeten et al. 2007, Kaleebu 2007 and transmission potential (Yang et al. 2003, John-Stewart et al. 2005 have been associated to distinct HIV clades, but the actual impact of genetic diversity in HIV disease still remains uncertain (Stebbing & Moyle 2003, Hemelaar et al. 2006, Tebit et al. 2007). However, some characteristics of HIV, such as tropism to either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, seem to be associated with a distinct pattern of disease progression (Shepherd et al. 2008). Another relevant issue is the identification of primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM) among untreate...

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“…20 From 2004 to 2007, many other authors showed data from the prevalence of antiretroviral resistance in adults from Bahia, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Federal District and North Eastern states. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The aim of this study is to analyze the genotypic profile of patients tested for resistance in the Brazilian state of Paraná, in order to determine the frequency of RT and PR mutations among patients failing ART.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 genotypic resistance profile of patients failing antiretroviral therapy in Paraná, Brazil

Toledo¹,

Carvalho²,

Romagnoli³

et al. 2010

Braz J Infect Dis

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Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced morbidity and mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but in spite of this advance, HIV mutations decrease antiretroviral susceptibility, thus contributing to treatment failure in patients. Genotyping HIV-1 allows the selection of new drugs after initial drug failure. This study evaluated the genotypic profi le of HIV-1 isolates from treated (drug-experienced) patients in Paraná, Brazil. The prevalence of mutations in reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes were assessed. We analyzed 467 genotypes of patients with HIV-1 viral loads above 1,000 copies/mL. Mutations at HIV-1 RT and PR genes and previously used ART regimens were recorded. The most prevalent RT mutations were: 184V (68.31%), 215YF (51.6%), 103NS (46%), 41L (39.4%), 67N (38.54%), 210W (23.5%), 190ASE (23.2%), and 181C (17.4%). PR mutations were 90M (33.33%), 82ATFS (29%), 46I (26.8%) and 54V (22.2%). The prevalence of mutations was in line with previous national and international reports, except to nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors related mutations, which were more prevalent in this study. Previous exposure to antiretroviral drugs was associated with genotypic resistance to specifi c drugs, leading to treatment failure in HIV patients.

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Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Frequency and diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among patients from Southern Brazil failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Frequency and diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among patients from Southern Brazil failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

HIV-1 genotypic resistance profile of patients failing antiretroviral therapy in Paraná, Brazil

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