Natural immunoglobulins (contribution to a debate on biomedical education)

Vaz, Nelson M.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762000000700010

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, lower levels of self-binding NAb are usually negatively correlated with disease onset and progress whereas high levels often correlate with protection or the absence of disease. In humans, profiles of NAb binding self-antigens were proposed as biomarkers or fingerprints for the physiological and health status of individuals ( 78 , 96 ), including parasite infections such as malaria and schistosomiasis ( 97 ). The observed decline in the amount, or efficacy of homeostatic natural antibody levels were associated with a relative loss of protection against molecules involved in diseases whose incidence rises in the older age population, and that those individuals experiencing the greatest loss are at the highest risk.…”

Section: Igm and Igg Natural Antibodies In Health And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Natural Antibodies and Exploring the Possibilities of Modulation Using Veterinary Models. A Review

2020

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Natural antibodies (NAb) are defined as germline encoded immunoglobulins found in individuals without (known) prior antigenic experience. NAb bind exogenous (e.g., bacterial) and self-components and have been found in every vertebrate species tested. NAb likely act as a first-line immune defense against infections. A large part of NAb, so called natural autoantibodies (NAAb) bind to and clear (self) neo-epitopes, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Such self-binding antibodies cannot, however, be considered as pathogenic autoantibodies in the classical sense. IgM and IgG NAb and NAAb and their implications in health and disease are relatively well-described in humans and mice. NAb are present in veterinary (and wildlife) species, but their relation with diseases and disorders in veterinary species are much less known. Also, there is little known of IgA NAb. IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin with essential pro-inflammatory and homeostatic properties urging for more research on the importance of IgA NAb. Since NAb in humans were indicated to fulfill important functions in health and disease, their role in health of veterinary species should be investigated more often. Furthermore, it is unknown whether levels of NAb-isotypes and/or idiotypes can and should be modulated. Veterinary species as models of choice fill in a niche between mice and (non-human) primates, and the study of NAb in veterinary species may provide valuable new insights that will likely improve health management. Below, examples of the involvement of NAb in several diseases in mostly humans are shown. Possibilities of intravenous immunoglobulin administration, targeted immunotherapy, immunization, diet, and genetic modulation are discussed, all of which could be well-studied using animal models. Arguments are given why veterinary immunology should obtain inspiration from human studies and why human immunology would benefit from veterinary models. Within the One Health concept, findings from veterinary (and wildlife) studies can be related to human studies and vice versa so that both fields will mutually benefit. This will lead to a better understanding of NAb: their origin, activation mechanisms, and their implications in health and disease, and will lead to novel health management strategies for both human and veterinary species.

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Section: Igm and Igg Natural Antibodies In Health And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Natural Antibodies and Exploring the Possibilities of Modulation Using Veterinary Models. A Review

2020

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“…Western blots were conducted to study whether feeding strategy and sanitary conditions affected antibody binding patterns to a pool of liver antigen fragments at 33 d of age, thereby reflecting the NAAb repertoire (Vaz, 2000). We observed divergent IgM ( Figure 3) and IgY (Figure 4) patterns binding CLH, which was confirmed by higher number of IgM and IgY stained bands by LSC compared with HSC broilers (both P < 0.001; Table 3).…”

Section: Antibodies Binding Chicken Liver Lysatementioning

confidence: 82%

Short and long term effects of early nutrition in broiler chickens

Hollemans¹

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Chapter 1 General introduction Chapter 2 Effects of early nutrition and transport of 1-day-old chickens on production performance and fear response Chapter 3 Intestinal epithelium integrity after delayed onset of nutrition in broiler chickens Chapter 4 Early and later life effects of early nutrition and sanitary conditions on humoral immunity in broiler chickens Chapter 5 Effects of early nutrition and sanitary conditions on oral tolerance and antibody responses in broiler chickens Chapter 6 General discussion References About the author List of abbreviations ADG Average daily gain BCR B-cell receptor BSA Bovine serum albumin BW Body weight CD4, 8 Cluster of differentiation 4 or 8 CFU Colony forming units CLD Claudin CLH Chicken liver homogenate COX Cyclo-oxygenase CpG oligonucleotides 5`-> 3` direction of cytosine, phosphate group, guanine days p.i. days post immunization DN Delayed nutrition (feeding strategy) EN Early nutrition (feeding strategy) FITC-d Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran HSC High sanitary conditions HuSA Human serum albumin i.m. intramuscular i.t. intratracheal IgM, Y, A Immunoglobulin M, Y, or A IL Interleukin IP Intestinal permeability JAM Junctional adhesion molecule KLH Keyhole limpet hemocyanin LPS Lipopolysaccharide LSC Low sanitary conditions MAb Maternal antibody MALT Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue MAMP Microbial associated molecular patterns MDP Muramyl dipeptide mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid MUC Mucin NAAb Natural auto-antibody NAb Natural antibody rADG Relative average daily gain RGG Rabbit γ-globulin RRBC Rabbit red blood cells rRNA Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

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